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Intoxicação por organofosforados

Última revisão das evidências: 23 Feb 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 18 Nov 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • secreções aumentadas
  • fasciculações
  • pupilas puntiformes
  • odor característico
  • estertores ou roncos na ausculta torácica
  • semiconsciente/coma
Detalhes completos

Other diagnostic factors

  • distúrbios visuais
  • vômitos
  • síndrome semelhante à gripe (influenza)
  • incontinência urinária ou fecal
  • fraqueza muscular proximal
  • reflexos tendinosos profundos anormais
  • frequência cardíaca anormal
  • pressão arterial anormal
  • respiração diminuída
  • hipotermia
  • convulsões
  • neuropatia do sistema nervoso central e periférica (predominantemente motora) tardia
Full details

Risk factors

  • disponibilidade de pesticidas
  • história de lesão autoprovocada ou conflito interpessoal recente
  • transtorno mental
  • abuso de álcool ou drogas
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • diagnóstico clínico
Full details

Tests to consider

  • teste de desafio com atropina
  • colinesterase plasmática
  • colinesterase eritrocitária
  • radiografia torácica
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
  • gasometria
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

intoxicação aguda por organofosforados

ONGOING

síndrome intermediária

neuropatia protelada induzida por organofosforado

Contributors

Authors

Nicholas Buckley, MD, FRACP

Professor of Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacology Department

Sydney Medical School

University of Sydney

Sydney

New South Wales

Australia

Disclosures

NB is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge our Emergency medicine (toxicology) expert panel member, Dr Silas Smith, for his contribution to this topic.

Peer reviewers

Rama B. Rao, MD

Chief Division of Medical Toxicology

Department of Emergency Medicine

Weill Cornell Medicine

New York

NY

Disclosures

RBR is an author for UptoDate.

Ruben Thanacoody, MD, FRCP(Edin)

Consultant Physician and Clinical Toxicologist

National Poisons Information Service (Newcastle)

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

UK

Disclosures

RT declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, et al. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):597-607.Full text  Abstract

Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023 Oct 17;148(16):e149-84.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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