Avaliação do estado mental alterado

Última revisão: 20 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 24 Sep 2024

Resumo

Diagnósticos diferenciais

comuns

  • Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e ataque isquêmico transitório
  • Traumatismo cranioencefálico
  • Demência
  • Delirium
  • Convulsões com possível estado pós-ictal
  • Infarto do miocárdio
  • Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva
  • Arritmias ventriculares
  • Depression
  • Hiperglicemia
  • Hipoglicemia
  • Hipernatremia
  • Hiponatremia
  • Desidratação (depleção de volume)
  • Hipotermia
  • Hipóxia
  • Hipercapnia
  • Encefalopatia hepática
  • Uremia
  • Infecção sistêmica grave
  • Transtorno bipolar
  • Transtorno psicótico breve
  • Abstinência alcoólica
  • Toxicidade por álcool
  • Toxicidade medicamentosa
  • Supressão de medicamentos/drogas
  • Fratura do quadril
  • Embolia pulmonar
Detalhes completos

Incomuns

  • Hematoma subdural
  • Hematoma epidural
  • Hemorragia subaracnoide
  • Tumor cerebral
  • Estado de mal epiléptico não convulsivo
  • Encefalopatia hipertensiva
  • Encefalopatia de Wernicke (deficiência de tiamina)
  • Hipercalcemia
  • Hipocalcemia
  • Intoxicação por monóxido de carbono
  • Hipertermia
  • Insuficiência adrenal
  • Tireotoxicose
  • Coma mixedematoso
  • Apoplexia hipofisária
  • Meningite
  • Encefalite
  • Neurossífilis
  • Abscesso cerebral
  • Isquemia mesentérica
  • Apendicite
  • Diverticulite aguda
  • Constipação
Detalhes completos

Colaboradores

Autores

Gary Blanchard, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

University of Massachusetts Medical School

Worcester

MA

Declarações

GB declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Gary Blanchard would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr David Dosa, a previous contributor to this topic.

Declarações

DD declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Timothy Collins, MD

Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine

Division of Neurology

Duke University Medical Center

Durham

NC

Disclosures

TC has worked as a paid speaker for GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer in 2008 and 2009.

Kunle Ashaye, MD

Consultant in Old Age Psychiatry

Mental Health Unit

Lister Hospital

Stevenage

UK

Disclosures

KA declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021 Nov 1;49(11):e1063-143.Full text  Abstract

McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011 May;7(3):263-9.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Guidelines

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    • Delirium, dementia, and depression in older adults: assessment and care, second edition
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