Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- lesão no joelho por conta de carga repetitiva em valgo excessiva do ligamento colateral medial
- dor no joelho medial
- derrame articular
- sensibilidade
- frouxidão no teste de estresse em valgo
Other diagnostic factors
- equimose
- estalo audível ou sensação de rasgo no momento da lesão
- dificuldade de andar
- sintomas de instabilidade do joelho
- sintomas mecânicos do joelho
- deformidade do joelho
- teste de gaveta anterior positivo
- teste de gaveta posterior positivo
- teste de Lachman positivo
- teste do ressalto (pivot shift) positivo
- sensibilidade na interlinha articular
- dor crônica
Risk factors
- participação em atividades que envolvem estresse em valgo na articulação do joelho
- idade entre 20 e 35 anos
- idade entre 55 e 70 anos
- músculos fracos que cruzam a região medial do joelho
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- radiografias simples do joelho
- radiografias sob estresse do joelho
Tests to consider
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) de joelho
Emerging tests
- ultrassonografia diagnóstica
Treatment algorithm
lesão isolada grau I
lesão isolada grau II
lesão isolada grau III
lesão combinada do ligamento colateral medial + ligamento cruzado anterior
lesão combinada do ligamento colateral medial + ligamento cruzado não anterior
frouxidão em valgo persistente de alto grau ≥3 meses
Contributors
Authors
Sanjeev Bhatia, MD

Director, Hip & Knee Joint Preservation Center
Northwestern Medicine Central DuPage Hospital
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Warrenville
IL
Disclosures
SB receives publication royalties from the following Nova publication: Ligamentous Injuries of the Knee. SB has stock ownership in: AI Digital Ventures, LLC; Edge Surgical; TDA Ventures, LLC; and Joint Preservation Innovations, LLC. SB is on the Board of Directors for AI Digital Ventures, LLC and Joint Preservation Innovations, LLC. He also holds patents pertaining to bone resection related technology. He has received other financial or material support from Smith & Nephew and Graymont Medical, LLC, and has been a paid speaker for the latter. SB also is a board or committee member for the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the Arthroscopy Association of North America.
Nikhil N. Verma, MD

Professor
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Section of Sports Medicine
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago
IL
Divulgaciones
NNV declares the following competing interests: American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine: board or committee member; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons: board or committee member; Arthrex, Inc: research support; Arthroscopy: editorial or governing board; publishing royalties, financial or material support; Arthroscopy Association Learning Center Committee: board or committee member; Arthrosurface: research support; Cymedica: stock or stock options; DJ Orthopaedics: research support; Journal of Knee Surgery: editorial or governing board; Minivasive: paid consultant, stock or stock options; Omeros: stock or stock options; Orthospace: paid consultant; Ossur: research support; SLACK Incorporated: editorial or governing board; Smith & Nephew: IP royalties, paid consultant; Smith & Nephew, Athletico, ConMed Linvatec, Miomed, Mitek: research support; Vindico Medical-Orthopedics Hyperguide: publishing royalties, financial or material support.
Revisores por pares
Jason M. Scopp, MD
Director
Joint Preservation Center at Peninsula Orthopedic Associates
Salisbury
MD
Divulgaciones
JMS declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimiento de los revisores por pares
Los temas de BMJ Best Practice se actualizan de forma continua de acuerdo con los desarrollos en la evidencia y en las guías. Los revisores por pares listados aquí han revisado el contenido al menos una vez durante la historia del tema.
Divulgaciones
Las afiliaciones y divulgaciones de los revisores por pares se refieren al momento de la revisión.
Referencias
Artículos principales
O'Donoghue DH. An analysis of end results of surgical treatment of major injuries to the ligaments of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg. 1955 Jan;37-A(1):1-13. Resumen
American Medical Association, Committee on the Medical Aspects of Sports. Standard nomenclature of athletic injuries. Physical Therapy. 1969 Nov;49(11):1323.Texto completo
Fetto JF, Marshall JL. Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: a rationale for treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1978 May;(132):206-18. Resumen
Warren RF, Marshall JL. Injuries of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments of the knee. A long-term follow-up of 86 cases - part II. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1978 Oct;(136):198-211. Resumen
Phisitkul P, James SL, Wolf BR, et al. MCL injuries of the knee: current concepts review. Iowa Orthop J. 2006 Feb;26:77-90.Texto completo Resumen
Wijdicks CA, Griffith CJ, Johansen S, et al. Injuries to the medial collateral ligament and associated medial structures of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010 May;92(5):1266-80. Resumen
Halinen J, Lindahl J, Hirvensalo E, et al. Operative and nonoperative treatments of medial collateral ligament rupture with early anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 2006 Jul;34(7):1134-40. Resumen
Marchant MH Jr, Tibor LM, Sekiya JK, et al. Management of medial-sided knee injuries, part 1: medial collateral ligament. Am J Sports Med. 2011 May;39(5):1102-13. Resumen
Giannotti BF, Rudy T, Graziano J. The non-surgical management of isolated medial collateral injuries of the knee. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2006 Jun;14(2):74-7. Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.

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Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- The posteromedial corner of the knee: an international expert consensus statement on diagnosis, classification, treatment, and rehabilitation
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