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Ruptura do menisco

最后审阅: 25 Jan 2026
最后更新: 23 May 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • edema no joelho
  • sensação de instabilidade ou perda de apoio repentina/travamento do joelho
  • dor no joelho
  • sensibilidade e crepitação na interlinha articular
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • cisto poplíteo (cisto de Baker) em casos crônicos
  • amplitude de movimentos limitada
完整详情

危险因素

  • trauma agudo (lesão por torção)
  • artrite do joelho
  • instabilidade do joelho
  • história de lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior
  • desalinhamento da articulação do joelho
  • superfície irregular ou desigual para prática esportiva
  • condições de solo/meteorológicas desfavoráveis
  • idade avançada
  • trabalhos manuais e na construção civil
  • menisco discoide
  • índice de massa corporal (IMC) alto
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • testes clínicos
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM)
  • radiografia
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • artroscopia
  • artrografia por tomografia computadorizada (TC)
  • ultrassonografia
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

todos os pacientes

撰稿人

作者

Hideki Takeda, MD

Orthopedic Surgeon

Department of Sports Orthopedics

NTT Medical Center Tokyo

Tokyo

Japan

利益声明

HT declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Hideki Takeda would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Lars Engebretsen and Dr Kevin R. Stone, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

LE declares that he has no competing interests. KRS is an author of several references cited in this topic.

同行评议者

Daniel Solomon, MD

Co-Director of Orthopedic Sports and Shoulder Service

Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Naval Medical Center San Diego

San Diego

CA

利益声明

DS declares that he has no competing interests.

Jung-Ro Yoon, MD

Orthopedic Surgeon

Department of Orthopedic Surgery

Seoul Veterans Hospital

Seoul

South Korea

利益声明

JRY declares that she has no competing interests.

Nikunj N. Trivedi, MD

Fellow

Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery

Stanford University

Stanford

CA

利益声明

NNT declares that he has no competing interests.

Seth L. Sherman, MD

Associate Professor of Orthopedic Surgery

Fellowship Director

Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery

Stanford University

Stanford

CA

利益声明

SLS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

Kopf S, Beaufils P, Hirschmann MT, et al. Management of traumatic meniscus tears: the 2019 ESSKA meniscus consensus. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020 Apr;28(4):1177-94.全文  摘要

American Physical Therapy Association. Knee pain and mobility impairments: meniscal and articular cartilage lesions, revision 2018. 2018 [internet publication].

American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® acute trauma to the knee​. 2019 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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