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Varizes esofágicas

最后审阅: 21 Aug 2025
最后更新: 06 Mar 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco para hemorragia por varizes
  • cirrose
  • doença hepática grave
  • abuso de álcool
  • infecção por hepatite B ou C
  • ascite
  • aranha vascular
  • cabeça de medusa
  • icterícia
  • encefalopatia
  • hematêmese
  • melena
  • hematoquezia
  • Coinfecção por HIV
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • esplenomegalia
完整详情

危险因素

  • hipertensão portal
  • tamanho das varizes
  • marcas de vergões vermelhos
  • cirrose descompensada
  • ascite
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • gradiente de pressão venosa hepática (GPVH)
  • hemograma completo
  • perfil de coagulação (razão normalizada internacional [INR]/tempo de protrombina)
  • testes séricos da função hepática
  • ureia e creatinina
  • tipagem sanguínea/prova cruzada
  • teste para o antígeno de superfície da hepatite B (HBsAg)
  • IgG contra vírus da hepatite C (anti-HCV IgG)
  • endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA)
  • medição da rigidez hepática (MRH)
完整详情

新兴检查

  • endoscopia por cápsula

治疗流程

急症处理

cirrose descompensada com hemorragia por varizes aguda (gradiente de pressão venosa hepática >10 mmHg)

cirrose descompensada com hemorragia aguda por varizes e sem resposta à terapia endoscópica/farmacológica

持续性治疗

cirrose compensada com hipertensão portal leve (gradiente de pressão venosa hepática >5 e <10 mmHg)

cirrose compensada com hipertensão portal clinicamente significativa (gradiente de pressão venosa hepática ≥10 mmHg): sem varizes gastroesofágicas

cirrose compensada com hipertensão portal clinicamente significativa (gradiente de pressão venosa hepática ≥10 mmHg): com varizes gastroesofágicas (sem sangramento)

hemorragia prévia por varizes

撰稿人

作者

Savio John, MD, AGAF, FACG

Chief (Division of Gastroenterology), Director (Hepatology), Associate Professor

Department of Medicine

State University of New York Upstate Medical University

Syracuse

NY

Disclosures

SJ serves as editor of the hepatology section for Stat Pearls.

Kelita Singh, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Department of Gastroenterology

State University of New York Upstate Medical University

Syracuse

NY

Disclosures

KS declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Savio John and Dr Keilita Singh would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Grace E. Dolman, Dr Gennaro D'Amico, Dr Giuseppe Malizia, Dr Vikram Boolchand, and Dr Thomas Boyer, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

GED, GDA, GM, VB, and TB declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Shreyas Saligram, MD, MRCP, FACG, FASGE

Assistant Professor

Department of Gastroenterology

University of California

San Francisco

CA

Disclosures

SS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Kaplan DE, Ripoll C, Thiele M, Fortune BE, et al. AASLD practice guidance on risk stratification and management of portal hypertension and varices in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2024 May 1;79(5):1180-211.Full text  Abstract

de Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Baveno VII - renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022 Apr;76(4):959-74.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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