Resumo
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- transtorno de humor crônico que dura mais de 2 anos
- sintomas depressivos presentes na maior parte do dia, quase todos os dias
- nenhum período de eutimia nos últimos 2 anos (1 ano para crianças ou adolescentes)
- os sintomas de depressão maior podem estar constantemente presentes por 2 anos ou mais
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- nenhum sintoma de mania/hipomania ou esquizofrenia
- ausência de quadros médicos subjacentes, uso de medicamentos ou abuso de substâncias que possam causar o transtorno de humor
- fadiga ou baixa energia
- baixa autoestima
- baixa concentração ou dificuldade para tomar decisões
- sentimentos de desesperança
- inapetência ou ingestão excessiva de alimentos
- perturbação do sono
Factores de riesgo
- história familiar positiva
- sexo feminino
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- avaliação médica
- Hemograma completo
- testes da função tireoidiana
- perfil metabólico
- vitamina D
- Questionário sobre a saúde do(a) paciente (PHQ9)
- Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI)
- Inventário rápido de sintomas depressivos (QIDS)
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- cianocobalamina (vitamina B12)
- exame de urina
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Algoritmo de tratamiento
todos os pacientes
Colaboradores
Autores
David J. Hellerstein, MD

Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
Columbia University Medical Center
Director, Depression Evaluation Service
New York State Psychiatric Institute
New York
NY
Divulgaciones
DJH has received research grants (through the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene) from Compass Pathways, Relmada, Marinus, Intracellular Therapies, Beckley Foundation, and from Velocity Foundation (through Columbia University). DJH serves on scientific advisory board for Reset Pharmaceuticals. DJH has received royalties from Johns Hopkins University Press, and Columbia University Press.
Agradecimientos
Dr David J. Hellerstein would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr David L. Dunner, a previous contributor to this topic.
Divulgaciones
DLD has received grant support from Cyberonics. DLD has received fees for consulting from: Eli Lilly, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest, Cyberonics, Roche Diagnostics, Cypress, Corcept, Janssen, Novartis, Shire, Somerset, Otsuka, Healthcare Technology Sys, Jazz Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis, and MedAvante. DLD is on the Speaker's Bureau for: Eli Lilly, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Organon, Jazz Pharma, Neuronetics, and Astra-Zeneca. DLD is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Revisores por pares
Dean F. MacKinnon, MD
Associate Professor
John Hopkins University
Baltimore
MD
Divulgaciones
DK declares that he has no competing interests.
James H. Kocsis, MD
Professor
Weill Cornell Medicine
New York
NY
Divulgaciones
JK has professionally collaborated with the authors.
Neil Nixon, BSc, MMedSci, MBBS, FRCPsych
Associate Professor in Psychiatry
Institute of Mental Health
University of Nottingham
Nottingham
UK
Divulgaciones
NN is a member of the current NICE GDG for depression in adults. NN has met with Jansen in a non-remunerative capacity. He has various research collaborations including a funded trial and is author on a number of papers.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referencias
Artículos principales
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
Blanco C, Okuda M, Markowitz JC, et al. The epidemiology of chronic major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Dec;71(12):1645-56.Texto completo Resumen
Devanand DP, Adorno E, Cheng J, et al. Late onset dysthymic disorder and major depression differ from early onset dysthymic disorder and major depression in elderly outpatients. J Affect Disord. 2004 Mar;78(3):259-67. Resumen
Levkovitz Y, Tedeschini E, Papakostas GI. Efficacy of antidepressants for dysthymia: A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials. J Clin Psych. 2011 Apr;72(4):509-14. Resumen
Bridge JA, Iyengar S, Salary CB, et al. Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2007 Apr 18;297(15):1683-96. Resumen
Pedrelli P, Iovieno N, Vitali M, et al. Treatment of major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder with antidepressants in patients with comorbid opiate use disorders enrolled in methadone maintenance therapy: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011 Oct;31(5):582-6. Resumen
Bauer M, Severus E, Köhler S, et al; World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry Task Force on Unipolar Depressive Disorders. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, part 2: maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder - update 2015. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;16(2):76-95.Texto completo Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
Diferenciales
- Transtorno depressivo maior
- Transtornos bipolares (bipolar I, bipolar II, transtorno bipolar sem outra especificação)
- Transtorno ciclotímico
Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- Depression in adults: treatment and management
- Clinical practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with major and persistent depressive disorders
Más Guías de práctica clínicaFolletos para el paciente
Depressão em crianças e adolescentes: perguntas para fazer ao seu médico
Depressão em adultos: quais tratamentos funcionam?
Más Folletos para el pacienteInicie sesión o suscríbase para acceder a todo el BMJ Best Practice
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