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Mononeurite múltipla

Last reviewed: 24 Sep 2025
Last updated: 26 Sep 2023

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • dormência
  • fraqueza
  • dor
  • sintomas de secura
  • aumento da glândula parótida
  • erupção cutânea, ulcerações ou mudanças de pigmentação
  • sibilo, tosse, outros sinais pulmonares
  • febre, sudorese noturna, perda de peso e mal-estar
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • fatores predisponentes que causam vasculite, inflamação ou outro dano nervoso
Full details

Risk factors

  • idade superior a 50 anos
  • sarcoidose
  • hepatite C
  • crioglobulinemia
  • hepatite B
  • doença do tecido conjuntivo
  • livedo reticular
  • vasculite primária
  • medicações
  • Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
  • infecções não associadas a HIV e hepatite
  • infecção pela coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
  • uso de drogas recreativas
  • predisposição genética
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • eletromiografia (EMG)
  • Hemograma completo com diferencial
  • velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS)
  • proteína C-reativa
  • creatinina sérica
  • glicose sérica
  • crioglobulinas
  • complemento sérico
  • antígeno de superfície da hepatite B
  • anticorpos da hepatite C ou ácido ribonucleico (RNA)
  • antígenos anti-HIV (vírus da imunodeficiência humana) ou RNA do HIV
  • anticorpos da doença de Lyme
  • anticorpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilo com padrão citoplasmático e perinuclear (c-ANCA e p-ANCA)
  • fator reumatoide
  • fatores antinucleares (FANs)
  • anti-DNA (ácido desoxirribonucleico) de fita dupla (ds)
  • anticorpos de antígeno A relacionado à síndrome de Sjögren (SSA) ou -SSB
  • enzima conversora de angiotensina sérica
  • eletroforese de proteínas e imunofixação
  • radiografia torácica
  • urinálise
  • biópsia de nervo e músculo
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • anticorpos anti-Smith (anti-sm)
  • anticorpos antitopoisomerase I (anti-Scl 70) e anticentrômero (ACA)
  • biópsia de pele
  • biópsia do lábio
  • anticorpos anti-Hu
  • análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)
  • TC do tórax, abdome/pelve
  • tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET) do tórax, abdome ou pelve
  • angiografia convencional
  • angiografia por ressonância magnética
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

neuropatias vasculíticas sistêmicas ou não sistêmicas primárias: apresentação inicial

neuropatias vasculíticas secundárias: apresentação inicial

ONGOING

vasculite em remissão

Contributors

Authors

Ashok Verma, MD, DM, MBA, FAAN, FANA

Professor of Neurology

Director, Neuromuscular Medicine Fellowship Training Program

University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Don Soffer Clinical Research Center

Miami

FL

Disclosures

AV declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Professor Ashok Verma would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kevin Scott, Dr Milind Kothari, and Dr Jenice Robinson, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

JR, KS, and MK declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

John J. Kelly, MD

Professor and Chairman

Department of Neurology

The George Washington University Medical Center

Washington

DC

Disclosures

JJK declares that he has no competing interests.

Cory Toth, BSc, MD, FRCP(C)

Assistant Professor of Neurosciences

Hotchkiss Brain Institute

University of Calgary

Alberta

Canada

Disclosures

CT declares that he has no competing interests.

Jeremy Bland, FRCP

Consultant Neurophysiologist

East Kent Hospitals NHS Trust

Canterbury

Kings College Hospital NHS Trust

London

UK

Disclosures

JB declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Graf J, Imboden J. Vasculitis and peripheral neuropathy. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2019 Jan;31(1):40-5. Abstract

Beachy N, Satkowiak K, Gwathmey KG. Vasculitic neuropathies. Semin Neurol. 2019 Oct;39(5):608-19. Abstract

Collins MP, Hadden RD. The nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathies. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017 Apr;13(5):302-16.Full text  Abstract

Hellmich B, Sanchez-Alamo B, Schirmer JH, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Mar [Epub ahead of print].Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Mononeurite múltipla images
  • Differentials

    • Radiculoplexopatia lombossacral diabética
    • Mononeuropatias múltiplas por compressão/encarceramento
    • Neuropatia hereditária com predisposição a paralisias por pressão
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update
    • European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
    More Guidelines
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