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Intolerância à lactose e deficiência de lactase

最后审阅: 28 Sep 2025
最后更新: 25 Sep 2024

小结

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • história de diagnóstico de síndrome do intestino irritável
  • sintomas após a ingestão de produtos lácteos
  • diarreia
  • distensão
  • letargia
  • ulceração oral
  • cefaleia
  • memória de curto prazo ruim
  • baixa concentração
  • dor nos músculos/articulações
  • eczema
  • deficit no crescimento
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • dor/desconforto abdominal
  • borborigmo
  • flatulência
  • rashes cutâneos
  • palpitações
  • história de asma
  • história de úlcera péptica
  • história de doença do refluxo gastroesofágico
  • náuseas
  • vômitos
  • constipação
  • palidez
  • esteatorreia
  • perda de peso
  • baixa estatura
  • deficiência progressiva
  • rubor
  • perda sensitiva
  • edema
  • queda de cabelos
Full details

Risk factors

  • etnia negra, indígena norte-americana, asiática, hispânica ou judaica
  • adolescência e início da fase adulta
  • história familiar de deficiência de lactase
  • enterite/gastroenterite
  • comorbidade predisponente
  • história de diagnóstico de síndrome do intestino irritável
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • tentativa de eliminação da lactose alimentar
  • Hemograma completo
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • teste respiratório do hidrogênio expirado
  • coprocultura
  • pH fecal
  • substâncias redutoras/açúcar nas fezes
  • teste de tolerância à lactose
  • biópsia do intestino delgado
Full details

Emerging tests

  • genotipagem
  • teste respiratório de lactose 13C

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

demonstração dos sintomas de intolerância à lactose

Contributors

Authors

Aasma Shaukat, MD, MPH

Director GI Outcomes Research

Robert M. and Mary H. Glickman Professor of Gastroenterology

Professor of Population Health

New York University Grossman School of Medicine

New York

NY

Disclosures

AS declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Aasma Shaukat would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Anton Emmanuel, Dr Mohammad Azam, and Dr Richard J. Farrell, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

AE, MA, and RJF declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Anthony Lembo, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Harvard Medical School

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Boston

MA

Disclosures

AL declares that he has no competing interests.

Michele Di Stefano, MD

Coordinator of the Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory

University of Pavia

1st Division of Medicine

IRCCS S. Matteo Hospital Foundation

Pavia

Italy

Disclosures

MDS is the author of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Heyman MB; American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Lactose intolerance in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006 Sep;118(3):1279-86.Full text  Abstract

Suchy FJ, Brannon PM, Carpenter TO, et al. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference: lactose intolerance and health. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jun 15;152(12):792-6.Full text  Abstract

Golden NH, Abrams SA, Committee on Nutrition. Optimizing bone health in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2014 Oct;134(4):e1229-43.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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