小结
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- história de diagnóstico de síndrome do intestino irritável
- sintomas após a ingestão de produtos lácteos
- diarreia
- distensão
- letargia
- ulceração oral
- cefaleia
- memória de curto prazo ruim
- baixa concentração
- dor nos músculos/articulações
- eczema
- deficit no crescimento
Other diagnostic factors
- dor/desconforto abdominal
- borborigmo
- flatulência
- rashes cutâneos
- palpitações
- história de asma
- história de úlcera péptica
- história de doença do refluxo gastroesofágico
- náuseas
- vômitos
- constipação
- palidez
- esteatorreia
- perda de peso
- baixa estatura
- deficiência progressiva
- rubor
- perda sensitiva
- edema
- queda de cabelos
Risk factors
- etnia negra, indígena norte-americana, asiática, hispânica ou judaica
- adolescência e início da fase adulta
- história familiar de deficiência de lactase
- enterite/gastroenterite
- comorbidade predisponente
- história de diagnóstico de síndrome do intestino irritável
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- tentativa de eliminação da lactose alimentar
- Hemograma completo
Investigations to consider
- teste respiratório do hidrogênio expirado
- coprocultura
- pH fecal
- substâncias redutoras/açúcar nas fezes
- teste de tolerância à lactose
- biópsia do intestino delgado
Emerging tests
- genotipagem
- teste respiratório de lactose 13C
Treatment algorithm
demonstração dos sintomas de intolerância à lactose
Contributors
Authors
Aasma Shaukat, MD, MPH
Director GI Outcomes Research
Robert M. and Mary H. Glickman Professor of Gastroenterology
Professor of Population Health
New York University Grossman School of Medicine
New York
NY
Disclosures
AS declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Aasma Shaukat would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Anton Emmanuel, Dr Mohammad Azam, and Dr Richard J. Farrell, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
AE, MA, and RJF declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Anthony Lembo, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston
MA
Disclosures
AL declares that he has no competing interests.
Michele Di Stefano, MD
Coordinator of the Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory
University of Pavia
1st Division of Medicine
IRCCS S. Matteo Hospital Foundation
Pavia
Italy
Disclosures
MDS is the author of references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Heyman MB; American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. Lactose intolerance in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006 Sep;118(3):1279-86.Full text Abstract
Suchy FJ, Brannon PM, Carpenter TO, et al. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference: lactose intolerance and health. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jun 15;152(12):792-6.Full text Abstract
Golden NH, Abrams SA, Committee on Nutrition. Optimizing bone health in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2014 Oct;134(4):e1229-43.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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