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Diabetes do tipo 2 em crianças

Last reviewed: 1 Feb 2026
Last updated: 26 Sep 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • poliúria
  • polidipsia
  • acantose nigricans
  • noctúria
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • hipertensão
  • infecções por levedura
  • infecções cutâneas
  • infecções do trato urinário
  • fadiga
  • visão turva
  • perda de peso
Full details

Risk factors

  • obesidade
  • predisposição genética/história familiar
  • origem étnica de alto risco
  • puberdade
  • sexo feminino
  • ambiente diabético intrauterino
  • pequeno para a idade gestacional
  • crescimento rápido na primeira infância
  • alimentação com mamadeira
  • ingestão elevada de proteína na primeira infância
  • ovários policísticos
  • conteúdo lipídico intramiocelular
  • deposição de gordura no fígado
  • dificuldades de aprendizagem
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • tira reagente para exame de urina
  • glicemia plasmática aleatória
  • glicemia de jejum
  • HbA1c
  • autoanticorpos contra insulina, antígenos de ilhotas 2 (IA-2), descarboxilase do ácido glutâmico (DAG) e transportador de zinco 8 (ZnT8)
Full details

Tests to consider

  • glicose plasmática de 2 horas
  • peptídeo C aleatório
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

cetoacidose ou estado hiperosmolar hiperglicêmico (EHH)

ONGOING

HbA1c <69 mmol/mol: sem acidose ou cetose

HbA1c ≥69 mmol/mol: sem acidose com ou sem cetose

Contributors

Authors

Jennifer Miller, MD
Jennifer Miller

Professor

Department of Pediatrics

University of Florida

Gainesville

FL

Disclosures

JM declares that she has received research funding from Soleno Therapeutics, Harmony Biosciences, and Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. JM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Chelsea Zimmerman, MD

Clinical Physician

Pediatric Endocrinology

Endocrinology and Metabolism of East Alabama

Opelika

AL

Disclosures

CZ declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Jennifer Miller and Dr Chelsea Zimmerman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Arlan Rosenbloom and Dr Paul Hiers, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

AR is an author of a number of references cited in this topic. Unfortunately, we have since been made aware that AR is deceased. PH declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Philip Zeitler, MD, PhD

Professor of Pediatrics and Clinical Science

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Disclosures

PZ declares that he has no competing interests.

Julian P. Hamilton-Shield, MB, ChB, MD(Bristol), MRCP, FRCPCH, FRCPCH

Professor

Diabetes and Metabolic Endocrinology

School of Clinical Sciences

University of Bristol

UK

Disclosures

In the past, JPHS received speaking honoraria from Sanofi-Aventis, Roche, Abbott, Novo-Nordisk, and Nutricia. None of these talks were directly pertinent to the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Kristen Nadeau, MD

Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology

University of Colorado School of Medicine

Aurora

CO

Disclosures

KN declares that she has no competing interests.

Dennis Styne, MD

Professor of Pediatrics

Rumsey Chair of Pediatric Endocrinology

University of California

Sacramento

CA

Disclosures

DS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referências

Nossas equipes internas de editoria e de evidências trabalham em conjunto com colaboradores internacionais especializados e pares revisores para garantir que forneçamos acesso às informações o mais clinicamente relevantes possível.

Principais artigos

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2025. Diabetes care. 2025 Jan;48(suppl 1):S1-352.Texto completo

Shah AS, Barrientos-Pérez M, Chang N, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2024: type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr. 2024;97(6):555-83.Texto completo  Resumo

Glaser N, Fritsch M, Priyambada L, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022 Nov;23(7):835-56. Resumo

Artigos de referência

Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
  • Diabetes do tipo 2 em crianças images
  • Diagnósticos diferenciais

    • Intolerância à glicose
    • Diabetes mellitus do tipo 1 (DMT1)
    • Diabetes monogênico: diabetes juvenil de início na tardio (MODY)
    Mais Diagnósticos diferenciais
  • Diretrizes

    • Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents
    • Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management
    Mais Diretrizes
  • Folhetos informativos para os pacientes

    Diabetes do tipo 2: devo tomar insulina?

    Diabetes: o que posso fazer para me manter saudável?

    Mais Folhetos informativos para os pacientes
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