Avaliação de mononeuropatia do nervo craniano

Última revisão: 20 May 2025
Última atualização: 09 Apr 2025

Resumo

Differentials

Common

  • Arterite de células gigantes (II, III, IV, VI)
  • Neuropatia óptica não arterítica isquêmica anterior (II)
  • Esclerose múltipla (II)
  • Infecção viral (II)
  • Hemorragia subaracnoide (III, IV, VI)
  • Meningite (III, IV, VI)
  • Malformações vasculares (V)
  • Herpes-zóster (V)
  • Esclerose múltipla (V)
  • Paralisia de Bell (VII)
  • Síndrome de Ramsay Hunt (VII)
  • AVC isquêmico (VII)
  • Neurite vestibular (VIII)
  • Presbiacusia neural (VIII)
  • Medicamentos (VIII)
  • Iatrogênica (X)
  • Tumor apical de pulmão (IX, X)
  • Iatrogênica (XI)
  • AVC isquêmico (XII)
Full details

Uncommon

  • Trauma (I)
  • Distúrbios neurodegenerativos (I)
  • Doenças congênitas (I)
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (I)
  • Trauma no canal óptico (II)
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (II)
  • Hipertensão intracraniana idiopática (II)
  • Doença autoimune: (por exemplo, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico [LES], síndrome de Sjögren, granulomatose com poliangiite, doença de Behçet [II])
  • Neuropatia óptica hereditária de Leber (II)
  • Toxinas ópticas ou deficiência nutricional (II)
  • Neuromielite óptica (II)
  • Herniação uncal (III, IV, VI)
  • Enxaqueca (III, IV, VI)
  • Trauma (III, IV, VI)
  • Aneurismas cerebrais (III, IV, VI)
  • Fístula carótido-cavernosa (III, IV, VI)
  • Trombo do seio cavernoso (III, IV, VI)
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (III, IV, VI)
  • Medicamentos ou drogas (III, IV, VI)
  • Hipertensão intracraniana idiopática (III, IV, VI)
  • Doença congênita (III, IV, VI)
  • Punção pós-lombar (VI)
  • Meningite (V)
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (V)
  • Doenças autoimunes (V)
  • Osteomielite da base do crânio (V)
  • Trauma (V)
  • Abscesso dental (V)
  • Lesão da medula espinhal (V)
  • Iatrogênica (V)
  • Tumores mandibulares (V)
  • Doença congênita (V)
  • Síndrome de Tolosa-Hunt (V)
  • Síndrome de Wallenberg (V)
  • Neurossarcoidose (VII)
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (VII)
  • Trauma (VII)
  • Meningite (VII)
  • Iatrogênica (VII)
  • Infecção mastoide ou do ouvido médio (VII)
  • Tumor da parótida (VII)
  • Vírus da imunodeficiência humana associado (HIV) (VII)
  • Doença de Lyme (VII)
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (VIII)
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (IX, X)
  • Tumor parafaríngeo (IX, X)
  • Meningite (IX, X)
  • Osteomielite da base do crânio (IX, X)
  • Trauma (IX, X)
  • Infecção do espaço parafaríngeo (IX, X)
  • Síndrome de Eagle (IX)
  • Síndrome cardiovocal (X)
  • Trauma (XI)
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (XI)
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central (SNC) (XII)
  • Doença do neurônio motor/paralisia bulbar progressiva (XII)
  • Malformações de Chiari I e II (XII)
  • Tumores extracranianos (língua ou pescoço) ou na base do crânio (XII)
  • Meningite (XII)
  • Osteomielite da base do crânio (XII)
  • Infecção do espaço parafaríngeo (XII)
  • Trauma (XII)
  • Fístula arteriovenosa dural (XII)
  • Aneurisma ou dissecção da artéria carótida interna (XII)
  • Iatrogênica (XII)
Full details

Contributors

Authors

James B Meiling, DO, RMSK

Assistant Professor

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Disclosures

JBM declares that he has no competing interests.

Tatsuya Oishi, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Neurology

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Disclosures

TO declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Meiling and Dr Oishi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Ann Johnston, Dr Emma Tallantyre, Dr Zachary L. Hickman, Dr Brad E. Zacharia, Dr Christopher J. Winfree, and Dr Adrian J. Wills, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

AJ has received speaker fees from UCB and Eisai. ET has received honoraria for consulting work from Novartis, Merck, Biogen, and Roche, and received travel grants to attend or speak at educational meetings from Merck, Roche, Takeda, and Novartis. ZLH, BEZ, CJW, and AJW declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Benjamin D. Gallagher, MD, FACP

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Yale School of Medicine

New Haven

CT

Disclosures

BDG declares that he has no competing interests.

Sabrina Ravaglia, MD, PhD

Staff Physician

Department of Neurological Sciences

Institute of Neurology C. Mondino

Pavia

Italy

Disclosures

SR declares that she has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Libreros-Jiménez HM, Manzo J, Rojas-Durán F, et al. On the cranial nerves. NeuroSci. 2024 Mar;5(1):8-38.Full text  Abstract

Erman AB, Kejner AE, Hogikyan ND, et al. Disorders of cranial nerves IX and X. Semin Neurol. 2009;29:85-92. Abstract

Gronseth G, Cruccu G, Alksne J, et al. Practice parameter: the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Societies. Neurology. 2008 Oct 7;71(15):1183-90.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: cranial neuropathy. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Guidelines

    • ACR Appropriateness Criteria®: cranial neuropathy
    • Guideline for the management of giant cell arteritis and takayasu arteritis
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Doença de Lyme

    Meningite e septicemia

    More Patient information
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