Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- história familiar de intoxicação por chumbo ou trabalho parental com chumbo
- comprometimento cognitivo (crianças)
- alterações de comportamento (crianças)
- cefaleias (crianças)
- falta de coordenação e agitação (crianças)
- perda de apetite (crianças)
- constipação (crianças)
- sonolência (crianças)
- estado mental alterado
- sinais cerebelares
- convulsões
- coma
Other diagnostic factors
- cólica abdominal (adultos)
- hipertensão (adultos)
Risk factors
- idade entre 9 e 36 meses
- residências com riscos de contaminação por chumbo
- exposição ocupacional ao chumbo
- abastecimentos de água contaminados com chumbo
- condição socioeconômica baixa
- hobbies que envolvem chumbo
- pica
- uso de medicamentos tradicionais de grupos culturais
- exposição fetal
- dietas deficientes em minerais e com alto teor de gordura
- tiro ao alvo
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- nível de chumbo no sangue total
- hemograma completo
- ferritina sérica
Investigations to consider
- chumbo na urina de 24 horas com quelação
- radiografias abdominais
- estudos da condução nervosa
Emerging tests
- fluorescência de raios-X de ossos longos
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
Treatment algorithm
todos os pacientes
Contributors
Authors
J. Routt Reigart, MD
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston
SC
Disclosures
JRR declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Howard Hu, MD, MPH, ScD
NSF International Chair
Department of Environmental Health Sciences
Professor of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology and Internal Medicine
University of Michigan Schools of Public Health and Medicine
Ann Arbor
MI
Disclosures
HH is an author of a reference cited in this topic. HH has received research funding greater than 6 figures USD.
Rose H. Goldman, MD, MPH
Chief
Occupational & Environmental Medicine
Cambridge Health Alliance
Associate Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Associate Professor of Environmental Health Sciences
Harvard School of Public Health
Boston
MA
Disclosures
None disclosed.
Alison Jones, MD, FRCPE, FiBIOL, FRCP, FRACP
Dean
School of Medicine
Campbelltown Campus
University of Western Sydney
Australia
Disclosures
AJ declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Understanding blood lead levels. Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) workplace safety & health topics. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Blood lead levels: United States, 1988-1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994;43:545-548.Full text Abstract
Harvey B, ed. Managing elevated blood lead levels among young children: recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2002.Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance - United States, 2008-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Jul 1;60(25):841-5.Full text Abstract
Mahaffey KR. Nutrition and lead: strategies for public health. Environ Health Perspect. 1995;103(suppl 6):191S-196S.Full text Abstract
Nussbaumer-Streit B, Mayr V, Dobrescu AI, et al. Household interventions for secondary prevention of domestic lead exposure in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 6;10:CD006047.Full text Abstract
Yeoh B, Woolfenden S, Lanphear B, et al. Household interventions for preventing domestic lead exposure in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(12):CD006047.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Anemia ferropriva
- Neuropatia periférica não decorrente do chumbo
- Intoxicação por arsênico
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- WHO guideline for clinical management of exposure to lead
- Childhood lead poisoning prevention
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