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Hérnia de hiato

Última revisão: 23 Sep 2025
Última atualização: 28 Jan 2025

Resumo

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • ruídos hidroaéreos no tórax
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • pirose
  • regurgitação
  • obesidade
  • dor torácica
  • disfagia
  • odinofagia
  • hematêmese
  • dispneia
  • tosse
  • orofaringite
  • sibilância
  • vômitos não biliosos
  • febre e calafrios
  • confusão
Full details

Risk factors

  • obesidade
  • envelhecimento
  • procedimento gastroesofágico prévio
  • pressão intra-abdominal elevada
  • sexo masculino
  • hérnia incisional, umbilical ou inguinal
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • radiografia torácica
  • fluoroscopia digestiva alta com contraste oral
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • Endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA)
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM)
  • manometria esofágica de alta resolução e monitoramento do pH
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

hemorragia do trato gastrointestinal superior e/ou obstrução e/ou volvo

isquemia irreversível e/ou necrose de órgãos

ACUTE

doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) sintomática

ONGOING

tipo I refratário à terapia medicamentosa ou o paciente prefere cirurgia

tipos II, III e IV

Contributors

Authors

Constantine T. Frantzides, MD, PhD, FACS
Constantine T. Frantzides

Director

Chicago Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery

St. Francis Hospital

Clinical Professor of Surgery

University of Illinois Chicago

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

CTF declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Constantine T. Frantzides would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mark A. Carlson, Dr Amy J. Hargrove and Dr Minh B. Luu, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

MAC, AJH and MBL declare they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Frank A. Granderath, MD

Associate Professor

Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery

University Hospital Tuebingen

Germany

Disclosures

FAG declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons. Guidelines for the management of hiatal hernia. Apr 2013 [internet publication].Full text

Roman S, Kahrilas PJ. The diagnosis and management of hiatus hernia. BMJ. 2014 Oct 23;349:g6154. Abstract

Sfara A, Dumitrascu DL. The management of hiatal hernia: an update on diagnosis and treatment. Med Pharm Rep. 2019 Oct;92(4):321-25.Full text  Abstract

Antoniou SA, Müller-Stich BP, Antoniou GA, et al. Laparoscopic augmentation of the diaphragmatic hiatus with biologic mesh versus suture repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2015 Jul;400(5):577-83. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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