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Câncer de mama metastático

Last reviewed: 25 Mar 2025
Last updated: 17 Jan 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • dor óssea
  • derrame pleural
  • massa palpável após tratamento do tumor primário
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • dispneia
  • tosse (não produtiva)
  • anorexia
  • perda de peso
  • sintomas neurológicos (por exemplo, dor nevrálgica, fraqueza, cefaleias, convulsões)
Full details

Risk factors

  • sexo feminino
  • idade >50 anos
  • história familiar de câncer de mama e/ou de ovário
  • genes de suscetibilidade ao câncer de mama (BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, PALB2, PTEN, STK11 e TP53)
  • tumor >5 cm de diâmetro
  • alto número de linfonodos axilares positivos (por exemplo, >10)
  • invasão linfovascular
  • assinatura de 70 genes de alto risco
  • assinatura de 21 genes de alto risco
  • assinatura de gene PAM50 de alto risco
  • Síndrome de Lynch (câncer colorretal hereditário sem polipose)
  • mutações CHEK2
  • mutações ATM
  • doença residual mínima (DRM)
  • assinaturas de genes de metástase óssea e metástase no pulmão
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • Hemograma completo
  • TFHs
  • cálcio
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) do tórax e abdome
  • cintilografia óssea
Full details

Tests to consider

  • RNM (com foco na área preocupante; por exemplo, cérebro, medula espinhal, osso)
  • FDG-PET/CT
  • biópsia da lesão metastática
  • genes de suscetibilidade ao câncer de mama com alta penetrância
  • testes adicionais de biomarcadores
  • ecocardiograma
  • angiografia sincronizada multinuclear (MUGA)
  • citologia pleural
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

positivo para receptores hormonais, negativo para HER2, sem crise visceral: menopausada

positivo para receptores hormonais, negativo para HER2, sem crise visceral: pré-menopausa

positivo para receptores hormonais, positivo para HER2, sem crise visceral: menopausada

positivo para receptores hormonais, positivo para HER2, sem crise visceral: pré-menopausa

negativo para receptores hormonais, positivo para HER2, sem crise visceral

PD-L1 negativo, triplo negativo (receptor de hormônio negativo, HER2 negativo), sem crise visceral

PD-L1 positiva, triplo negativo (receptor de hormônio negativo, HER2 negativo), sem crise visceral

positivo ou negativo para receptor hormonal, negativo para HER2, com crise visceral

positivo ou negativo para receptor hormonal, positivo para HER2, com crise visceral

Contributors

Authors

Edward Sauter, MD, PhD
Edward Sauter

Medical and Program Officer

Division of Cancer Prevention

National Cancer Institute

Rockville

MD

Disclosures

ES declares that he has no competing interests.

Wajeeha Razaq, MD

​Breast Cancer Site Chair

University Oklahoma School of Medicine

Oklahoma City

OK

Disclosures

WS declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Edward Sauter and Dr Wajeeha Razaq would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Puja Nistala, Dr Donald Doll, Dr Carl E. Freter and Dr Michael Perry, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

PN, DD, CEF and MP declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Alan Neville, MD

Professor

Assistant Dean

Undergraduate Program

McMaster University

Hamilton

Ontario

Canada

Disclosures

AN declares that he has no competing interests.

Gianfilippo Bertelli, MD, PhD, FRCP (Edin)

Consultant

Honorary Senior Lecturer in Medical Oncology

South West Wales Cancer Centre

Swansea

UK

Disclosures

GB has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards (AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, GSK, Cephalon, Amgen, Sanofi, Aventis), speaker's fees (AstraZeneca, Novartis, Sanofi, Aventis), and hospitality at conferences (AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Aventis).

Christos Vaklavas, MD

Assistant Professor

Division of Hematology/Oncology

Department of Medicine

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham

AL

Disclosures

CV declares that University of Alabama at Birmingham has received research support from Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, and Incyte.

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