Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- bócio
Other diagnostic factors
- intolerância ao calor, hiperfagia ou perda de peso
- depressão
- nervosismo ou palpitações
- oligomenorreia
- hiperdefecação
- olhar parado ou lagoftalmia
- pele úmida e quente
- taquicardia
- pulso irregular
- tremor
- fraqueza muscular
- dispneia ou sensação de sufocamento
- sinal de Pemberton
Risk factors
- deficiência de iodo
- idade >40 anos
- irradiação da cabeça e do pescoço
- história familiar de nódulos tireoidianos
- sexo feminino
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH)
Tests to consider
- T4 livre (ou T4 total, com avaliação da ligação)
- T3 total com a avaliação da ligação (ou de T3 livre)
- cintilografia da tireoide com captação de I-123
- cintilografia com pertecnetato de Tc-99
- ultrassonografia da tireoide
- perfil metabólico
- Hemograma completo
- anticorpos antitireoperoxidase
- anticorpos antirreceptores de TSH
- eletrocardiograma (ECG)
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) do pescoço (sem contraste)
Treatment algorithm
adultos não lactantes e não gestantes: sem efeito de massa ou suspeita de câncer
efeito de massa ou suspeita de câncer
gestantes ou lactantes: adultos não lactantes e não gestantes: sem efeito de massa ou suspeita de câncer
Contributors
Authors
Elizabeth N. Pearce, MD
Professor of Medicine
Boston University Medical Center
Boston
MA
Disclosures
ENP is a member of the Management Council of the Iodine Global Network. She was the 2018-2019 President of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and served on its board and executive committee until 2020. She is a current member of the ATA's thyroid in pregnancy guidelines writing task force. She is currently a Deputy Editor at the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism and has previously served as an Associated Editor for the journals Thyroid, Endocrine Practice, and Clinical Thyroidology. She is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Acknowledgements
Dr Elizabeth N. Pearce would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sheila Feit, a previous contributor to this topic. SF was previously employed by BMJ.
Peer reviewers
Petros Perros, BSc, MBBS, MD, FRCP
Consultant Endocrinologist
Freeman Hospital
Newcastle-Upon-Tyne
UK
Disclosures
PP declares that he has no competing interests.
Ronald Merrell, MD, FACS
Professor of Surgery
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond
VA
Disclosures
RM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.Full text Abstract
Zimmermann MB, Boelaert K. Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Apr;3(4):286-95. Abstract
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016;26:1343-1421.Full text Abstract
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Doença de Graves
- Adenoma tóxico
- Fase tireotóxica da tireoidite linfocítica indolor
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Suspected cancer: recognition and referral
- Thyroid disease: assessment and management
More Guidelines
Log in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer