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Hidrocefalia de pressão normal

最后审阅: 13 Oct 2025
最后更新: 12 Aug 2025

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • apraxia da marcha sem resposta à levodopa
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • comprometimento cognitivo
  • polaciúria, urgência ou incontinência urinárias
  • incontinência fecal
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危险因素

  • idade >65 anos
  • doença vascular
  • diabetes mellitus
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诊断性检查

首要检查

  • RNM de crânio ou TC de crânio (sem contraste)
  • teste terapêutico com levodopa
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需考虑的检查

  • punção lombar
  • punção lombar com retirada de grande volume de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)
  • drenagem lombar externa prolongada
  • procedimento de infusão de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)
  • monitoramento contínuo da pressão intracraniana
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治疗流程

持续性治疗

adequado para cirurgia

não adequado para cirurgia

撰稿人

作者

Richard Adam Grünewald, MA, DPhil, FRCP
Richard Adam Grünewald

Consultant Neurologist

Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer

Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Sheffield

UK

利益声明

RAG is the author of a paper cited in this topic.

鸣谢

Dr Richard Grünewald would like to gratefully acknowledge Mr Jeremy Rowe, a previous contributor to this topic.

同行评议者

Robin Wilson, MD, PhD

Associate Director

Adult Hydrocephalus Center

Sandra and Malcolm Berman Brain & Spine Institute

Sinai Hospital

Baltimore

MD

利益声明

RW declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

INPH Guidelines Study Group. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(Suppl 3):S2-1-S2-52.全文

Halperin JJ, Kurlan R, Schwalb JM, et al. Practice guideline: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Response to shunting and predictors of response: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2015 Dec 8;85(23):2063-71.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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