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Hidrocefalia de pressão normal

Última revisão: 12 Sep 2025
Última atualização: 12 Aug 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • apraxia da marcha sem resposta à levodopa
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • comprometimento cognitivo
  • polaciúria, urgência ou incontinência urinárias
  • incontinência fecal
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • idade >65 anos
  • doença vascular
  • diabetes mellitus
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • RNM de crânio ou TC de crânio (sem contraste)
  • teste terapêutico com levodopa
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • punção lombar
  • punção lombar com retirada de grande volume de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)
  • drenagem lombar externa prolongada
  • procedimento de infusão de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)
  • monitoramento contínuo da pressão intracraniana
Detalhes completos

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

adequado para cirurgia

não adequado para cirurgia

Contributors

Authors

Richard Adam Grünewald, MA, DPhil, FRCP
Richard Adam Grünewald

Consultant Neurologist

Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer

Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Sheffield

UK

Disclosures

RAG is the author of a paper cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Dr Richard Grünewald would like to gratefully acknowledge Mr Jeremy Rowe, a previous contributor to this topic.

Peer reviewers

Robin Wilson, MD, PhD

Associate Director

Adult Hydrocephalus Center

Sandra and Malcolm Berman Brain & Spine Institute

Sinai Hospital

Baltimore

MD

Disclosures

RW declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

INPH Guidelines Study Group. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(Suppl 3):S2-1-S2-52.Full text

Halperin JJ, Kurlan R, Schwalb JM, et al. Practice guideline: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Response to shunting and predictors of response: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2015 Dec 8;85(23):2063-71.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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