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Bruxismo

Última revisión: 28 Nov 2025
Última actualización: 25 Feb 2025

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • atividades de bruxismo: ranger/cerrar dos dentes, forçar/empurrar a mandíbula
  • parafunções orais
  • desgaste dos dentes
  • dor nos músculos da mastigação e/ou na articulação temporomandibular (ATM)
  • sensibilidade nos músculos da mastigação
  • hipertrofia dos músculos da mastigação
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • cefaleia
  • dor e/ou hipersensibilidade nos dentes
  • história de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM)
  • restaurações dentárias e/ou falha do implante
  • problemas periodontais
  • desbastamento dentário, fissuras e fraturas
  • alterações na mucosa oral
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • tabagismo, cafeína, consumo de álcool
  • sensibilidade ao estresse e traços ansiosos de personalidade
  • ronco, apneia obstrutiva do sono e outros distúrbios do sono
  • medicamentos e uso de substâncias ilícitas
  • predisposição genética
  • distúrbios motores primários
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • diagnóstico clínico
  • estudo polissonográfico (PSG)
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • eletromiografia (EMG)
  • avaliação ecológica momentânea (EMA)
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

bruxismo durante a vigília

bruxismo durante o sono (BS)

Colaboradores

Autores

Frank Lobbezoo, DDS, PhD

Professor, Chair, and Vice Dean

Department of Oral Health Sciences

Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)

MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam

University of Amsterdam

VU University Amsterdam

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Disclosures

FL is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Daniele Manfredini, DDDS, PhD

Full Professor Oral Physiology and Gnathology

School of Dentistry

University of Siena

Siena

Italy

Disclosures

DM is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Alessandro Bracci, DDS

Associate Professor

School of Dentistry

Department of Neuroscience

University of Padua

Padua

Italy

Disclosures

AB is a shareholder for WMA Srl, whose products include BruxApp. AB is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Professor Daniele Manfredini, Professor Frank Lobbezoo, and Alessandro Bracci would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Peter Svensson, a previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

PS is chairman of the clinical advisory board and has received fees for consulting for Medotech, the manufacturer of GrindCare. PS is also an author of several references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Alan Glaros, PhD

Associate Dean and Professor

Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences

Kansas City

MO

Disclosures

AG is a member of the clinical advisory board of Medotech and has received GrindCare devices for evaluation. AG is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. 2018 Nov;45(11):837-44.Full text  Abstract

Raphael KG, Santiago V, Lobbezoo F. Is bruxism a disorder or a behaviour? Rethinking the international consensus on defining and grading of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2016;43:791-8. Abstract

Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Winocur E, et al. Management of sleep bruxism in adults: a qualitative systematic literature review. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42:862-74. Abstract

Lobbezoo F, van der Zaag J, van Selms MK, et al. Principles for the management of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2008 Jul;35(7):509-23. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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