Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- inchaço da panturrilha
- dor localizada ao longo do sistema venoso profundo
Other diagnostic factors
- Edema assimétrico
- veias superficiais proeminentes
- edema da perna inteira
- flegmasia cerulea dolens
Risk factors
- recentemente acamado por 3 dias ou mais
- cirurgia de grande porte nos 3 meses anteriores
- internação hospitalar nos 2 meses anteriores
- câncer ativo
- evento tromboembólico venoso prévio
- trauma ou fratura recente
- idade mais avançada
- gestação e período pós-parto
- veias varicosas
- paralisia dos membros inferiores
- trombofilias hereditárias
- fator V de Leiden
- mutação no gene G20210A da protrombina
- deficiência de proteína C ou proteína S
- deficiência de antitrombina
- síndrome antifosfolipídica
- comorbidade clínica
- uso de medicamentos específicos
- obesidade
- tabagismo
- viagem aérea recente de longa duração
- história familiar de tromboembolismo venoso
- cateterização venosa central
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- escore de Wells
- nível quantitativo de dímero D
- ultrassonografia duplex (DUS) venosa
- razão normalizada internacional (INR) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPa)
- ureia e creatinina
- TFHs
- Hemograma completo
Investigations to consider
- teste do fluxo venoso por Doppler
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) do abdome e da pelve com contraste
- rastreamento para trombofilia
Treatment algorithm
suspeita ou confirmação de TVP do membro inferior com flegmasia cerulea dolens
suspeita ou confirmação de TVP sem flegmasia cerulea dolens e sem contraindicações à anticoagulação: terapia em fase inicial
suspeita ou confirmação de TVP sem flegmasia cerulea dolens: contraindicações à anticoagulação
fase de tratamento da terapia
terapia de fase prolongada: TVP com fatores precipitantes
terapia de fase prolongada: TVP sem fatores precipitantes
terapia de fase prolongada: gestantes
terapia de fase prolongada: associado a câncer
fase prolongada da terapia: tromboembolismo venoso recorrente
Contributors
Authors
Scott M. Stevens, MD
Director
Thrombosis Clinic
Intermountain Medical Center
Murray
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Intermountain Healthcare and University of Utah
Salt Lake City
UT
Disclosures
SMS declares that he has no competing interests.
Scott C. Woller, MD
Director
Thrombosis Clinic
Intermountain Medical Center
Murray
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Intermountain Healthcare and University of Utah
Salt Lake City
UT
Disclosures
SCW declares that he is expecting to receive funding of an investigator-initiated grant from Janssen Pharmaceuticals to Intermountain Health with no direct compensation to himself for research in the sum of $500,000 in 2024.
Gabriel V. Fontaine, PharmD, MBA, BCPS
Clinical Pharmacy Manager
Critical Care and Emergency Medicine
Advanced Clinical Pharmacist
Neuroscience Critical Care
Intermountain Medical Center
Murray
UT
Disclosures
GVF has received consulting fees and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, and Anticoagulation Forum.
Acknowledgements
Dr Scott M. Stevens, Dr Scott C. Woller, and Dr Gabriel V. Fontaine would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Geno Merli, Dr Taki Galanis, Dr Luis Eraso, Dr Geoffrey Ouma, Dr Richard White, and Dr Windsor Ting, the previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
GM has received grant or research support from BMS, J&J, Sanofi-Aventis, Portola, and Janssen; he has served as a Scientific Consultant for BMS, J&J, and Sanofi-Aventis. RW declares participation in numerous multicentred clinical trials sponsored by companies: Agenix, Boehringer-Ingleheim, Amgen, Bayer, Bristol-Meyer-Squibb, Novartis, Hemosense. TG, LE, GO, and WT declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Beverly Hunt, FRCP, FRCPath, MD
Professor of Thrombosis & Haemostasis
King's College
Consultant
Departments of Haematology, Pathology & Rheumatology
Lead in Blood Sciences
Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
London
UK
Disclosures
BH declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Stevens SM, Woller SC, Kreuziger LB, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: second update of the CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2021 Dec;160(6):e545-608.Full text Abstract
Mazzolai L, Ageno W, Alatri A, et al. Second consensus document on diagnosis and management of acute deep vein thrombosis: updated document elaborated by the ESC Working Group on aorta and peripheral vascular diseases and the ESC Working Group on pulmonary circulation and right ventricular function. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022 May 27;29(8):1248-63.Full text Abstract
Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 suppl):e195S-226S.Full text Abstract
Stevens SM, Woller SC, Baumann Kreuziger L, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: compendium and review of CHEST guidelines 2012-2021. Chest. 2024 Aug;166(2):388-404.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Celulite
- Laceração dos músculos da panturrilha/ruptura do tendão de Aquiles
- Hematoma nos músculos da panturrilha
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cancer-associated venous thromboembolic disease
- ACR-AIUM-SPR-SRU practice parameter for the performance of peripheral venous ultrasound examination
More GuidelinesPatient information
Trombose venosa profunda e viagens de longa distância
Trombose venosa profunda
More Patient informationCalculators
Probabilidade pré-teste de trombocitopenia induzida por heparina (escore de 4T)
More CalculatorsLog in or subscribe to access all of BMJ Best Practice
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer