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Trombose venosa profunda

Last reviewed: 22 Aug 2025
Last updated: 16 Apr 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • inchaço da panturrilha
  • dor localizada ao longo do sistema venoso profundo
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • Edema assimétrico
  • veias superficiais proeminentes
  • edema da perna inteira
  • flegmasia cerulea dolens
Full details

Risk factors

  • recentemente acamado por 3 dias ou mais
  • cirurgia de grande porte nos 3 meses anteriores
  • internação hospitalar nos 2 meses anteriores
  • câncer ativo
  • evento tromboembólico venoso prévio
  • trauma ou fratura recente
  • idade mais avançada
  • gestação e período pós-parto
  • veias varicosas
  • paralisia dos membros inferiores
  • trombofilias hereditárias
  • fator V de Leiden
  • mutação no gene G20210A da protrombina
  • deficiência de proteína C ou proteína S
  • deficiência de antitrombina
  • síndrome antifosfolipídica
  • comorbidade clínica
  • uso de medicamentos específicos
  • obesidade
  • tabagismo
  • viagem aérea recente de longa duração
  • história familiar de tromboembolismo venoso
  • cateterização venosa central
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • escore de Wells
  • nível quantitativo de dímero D
  • ultrassonografia duplex (DUS) venosa
  • razão normalizada internacional (INR) e tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPa)
  • ureia e creatinina
  • TFHs
  • Hemograma completo
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • teste do fluxo venoso por Doppler
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) do abdome e da pelve com contraste
  • rastreamento para trombofilia
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

suspeita ou confirmação de TVP do membro inferior com flegmasia cerulea dolens

suspeita ou confirmação de TVP sem flegmasia cerulea dolens e sem contraindicações à anticoagulação: terapia em fase inicial

suspeita ou confirmação de TVP sem flegmasia cerulea dolens: contraindicações à anticoagulação

ACUTE

fase de tratamento da terapia

ONGOING

terapia de fase prolongada: TVP com fatores precipitantes

terapia de fase prolongada: TVP sem fatores precipitantes

terapia de fase prolongada: gestantes

terapia de fase prolongada: associado a câncer

fase prolongada da terapia: tromboembolismo venoso recorrente

Contributors

Authors

Scott M. Stevens, MD

Director

Thrombosis Clinic

Intermountain Medical Center

Murray

Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine

Intermountain Healthcare and University of Utah

Salt Lake City

UT

Disclosures

SMS declares that he has no competing interests.

Scott C. Woller, MD

Director

Thrombosis Clinic

Intermountain Medical Center

Murray

Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine

Intermountain Healthcare and University of Utah

Salt Lake City

UT

Disclosures

SCW declares that he is expecting to receive funding of an investigator-initiated grant from Janssen Pharmaceuticals to Intermountain Health with no direct compensation to himself for research in the sum of $500,000 in 2024.

Gabriel V. Fontaine, PharmD, MBA, BCPS

Clinical Pharmacy Manager

Critical Care and Emergency Medicine

Advanced Clinical Pharmacist

Neuroscience Critical Care

Intermountain Medical Center

Murray

UT

Disclosures

GVF has received consulting fees and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, and Anticoagulation Forum.

Acknowledgements

Dr Scott M. Stevens, Dr Scott C. Woller, and Dr Gabriel V. Fontaine would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Geno Merli, Dr Taki Galanis, Dr Luis Eraso, Dr Geoffrey Ouma, Dr Richard White, and Dr Windsor Ting, the previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

GM has received grant or research support from BMS, J&J, Sanofi-Aventis, Portola, and Janssen; he has served as a Scientific Consultant for BMS, J&J, and Sanofi-Aventis. RW declares participation in numerous multicentred clinical trials sponsored by companies: Agenix, Boehringer-Ingleheim, Amgen, Bayer, Bristol-Meyer-Squibb, Novartis, Hemosense. TG, LE, GO, and WT declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Beverly Hunt, FRCP, FRCPath, MD

Professor of Thrombosis & Haemostasis

King's College

Consultant

Departments of Haematology, Pathology & Rheumatology

Lead in Blood Sciences

Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust

London

UK

Disclosures

BH declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Stevens SM, Woller SC, Kreuziger LB, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: second update of the CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2021 Dec;160(6):e545-608.Full text  Abstract

Mazzolai L, Ageno W, Alatri A, et al. Second consensus document on diagnosis and management of acute deep vein thrombosis: updated document elaborated by the ESC Working Group on aorta and peripheral vascular diseases and the ESC Working Group on pulmonary circulation and right ventricular function. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022 May 27;29(8):1248-63.Full text  Abstract

Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012 Feb;141(2 suppl):e195S-226S.Full text  Abstract

Stevens SM, Woller SC, Baumann Kreuziger L, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: compendium and review of CHEST guidelines 2012-2021. Chest. 2024 Aug;166(2):388-404.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Trombose venosa profunda images
  • Differentials

    • Celulite
    • Laceração dos músculos da panturrilha/ruptura do tendão de Aquiles
    • Hematoma nos músculos da panturrilha
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: cancer-associated venous thromboembolic disease
    • ACR-AIUM-SPR-SRU practice parameter for the performance of peripheral venous ultrasound examination
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Trombose venosa profunda e viagens de longa distância

    Trombose venosa profunda

    More Patient information
  • Calculators

    Probabilidade pré-teste de trombocitopenia induzida por heparina (escore de 4T)

    More Calculators
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