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Síndromes de dor crônica

Last reviewed: 15 Jul 2025
Last updated: 13 May 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • duração da dor por mais de 3 meses
  • comorbidade física
  • comorbidade psicológica
  • história pregressa de episódios de dor aguda
  • dor causando dificuldade de realizar atividades da vida diária
  • fatores desencadeadores para dor miofascial
  • fatores desencadeadores da dor musculoesquelética
  • infecção por herpes-zóster
  • história de trauma ou de imobilização do membro
  • uso de medicamentos
  • espasmos musculares
  • sintomas somáticos associados
  • sensibilidade muscular à palpação
  • sensibilidade no ponto-gatilho
  • bandas tensas
  • resposta de contração
  • inchaço e sensibilidade nas articulações
  • pontos sensíveis
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • fatores desencadeadores de cefaleia crônica
  • duração da cefaleia
  • dor irradiante
  • rigidez matinal nas articulações
  • dor em caminhadas prolongadas, aliviadas ao parar ou ao se sentar
  • dor nas articulações
  • qualidade da dor em queimação
  • alodinia
  • hiperalgesia
  • cefaleia crônica associada a náusea, vômito e sensibilidade à luz e ao barulho
  • padrão intermitente de cefaleia crônica
  • cefaleia crônica bilateral
  • cefaleia crônica unilateral
  • amplitude de movimentos (ADM) limitada
  • dor ou limitação na elevação reta da perna
  • distribuição simétrica da dor no corpo
  • agravamento dos sintomas de cefaleia apesar do tratamento
  • cefaleia com dor posterior ou dor cervical
  • defesa muscular excessiva do membro dolorido
  • diminuição ou perda dos reflexos
  • sensibilidade à distribuição da artéria temporal
Full details

Risk factors

  • idade superior a 45 anos
  • sexo feminino
  • gestação
  • história de trauma ou de dor crônica
  • história familiar de síndromes de dor geriátrica
  • dorsalgia aguda com sinais neurológicos
  • profissão de alto risco
  • transtorno de personalidade/sofrimento psíquico comórbidos
  • incapacidade relacionada à dor
  • tabagismo
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

Investigations to consider

  • radiografias simples da coluna, ossos e/ou articulações
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) da coluna
  • estudos de eletromiografia e condução nervosa
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ONGOING

dor miofascial

dor musculoesquelética

dor neuropática

fibromialgia

cefaleia crônica

Contributors

Authors

Gaurav Chhabra, MBBS, FRCA, FFPMRCA

Consultant, Pain Medicine and Anaesthesia

North Bristol NHS Trust

Bristol

UK

Disclosures

GC declares that they have no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Gaurav Chhabra would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sarah Love-Jones and Dr Dawn A. Marcus, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

SLJ has received consultancy fees for Boston Scientific and Nevro Corporation (regarding spinal cord stimulation) and is an elected council member of the British Pain Society. DAM is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

J. David Sinclair, MD

Clinical Instructor

Department of Anesthesiology

University of Washington School of Medicine

Seattle

WA

Disclosures

JDS declares that he has no competing interests.

Joan Hester, MBBS, FRCA, LRCP, MRCS

Consultant in Pain Management

Pain Unit

King's College Hospital

London

UK

Disclosures

JH has chaired advisory boards for Napp Pharmaceuticals Ltd., chaired a symposium, is a principal investigator and has participated in advisory boards for Grunenthal Ltd., and has given lectures for Pfizer Ltd. JH attended the American Pain Society meeting in 2009 sponsored by Grunenthal.

Beverly J. Collett, MB BS, FRCA, FFPMRCA

Consultant in Pain Medicine

Pain Management Service

University Hospitals of Leicester

Leicester

UK

Disclosures

Not disclosed.

References

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Key articles

Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018 Jan;38(1):1-211.Full text  Abstract

American Chronic Pain Association; Stanford Medicine. ACPA and Stanford resource guide to chronic pain management: an integrated guide to medical, interventional, behavioral, pharmacologic and rehabilitation therapies. 2021 edition. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

World Health Organization. Guidelines on the management of chronic pain in children. December 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Williams ACC, Fisher E, Hearn L, et al. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 12;(8):CD007407.Full text  Abstract

Cruccu G, Garcia-Larrea L, Hansson P, et al. EAN guidelines on central neurostimulation therapy in chronic pain conditions. Eur J Neurol. 2016 Oct;23(10):1489-99.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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