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Enurese

  • Overview
  • Theory
  • Diagnosis
  • Management
  • Follow up
  • Resources
最后审阅： 22 Sep 2025
最后更新： 19 May 2023

小结

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • ingestão elevada de líquidos à noite
  • polaciúria
  • constipação
  • cafeína e outros irritantes vesicais
  • urgência urinária
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • hábitos miccionais anormais
  • padrão respiratório anormal à noite
完整详情

危险因素

  • predisposição genética
  • constipação
  • obstrução das vias aéreas superiores/distúrbios respiratórios do sono
  • transtorno de deficit da atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH)
  • transtornos psicológicos
  • sexo masculino
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • urinálise
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • ultrassonografia do trato urinário
完整详情

治疗流程

急症处理

idade <7 anos

idade ≥7 anos

持续性治疗

recidiva

撰稿人

作者

Erin C. Grantham, MD

Pediatric Urologist

Department of Urology

Billings Clinic

Billings

MT

利益声明

ECG declares that she has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Erin C. Grantham would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Duncan T. Wilcox and Dr Nicholas G. Cost, the previous contributors to this topic. Dr Erin C. Grantham would also like to acknowledge Jillian Hatfield for her contribution to this topic.

利益声明

DTW and NGC declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Prasad Godbole, FRCS, FRCS (Paed), FEAPU

Consultant Paediatric Urologist

Paediatric Surgical Unit

Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust

Western Bank

Sheffield

UK

利益声明

PG declares that he has no competing interests.

Elizabeth Jackson, MD

Associate Professor

Pediatric Nephrology

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati

OH

利益声明

EJ declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Text Revision, (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.

European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2023 [internet publication].全文

Nevéus T, Eggert P, Evans J, et al. Evaluation of and treatment for monosymptomatic enuresis: a standardization document from the International Children's Continence Society. J Urol. 2010;183:441-447.全文  摘要

Caldwell PH, Codarini M, Stewart F, et al. Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 4;5(5):CD002911.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

  • 鉴别诊断

    • Anormalidade congênita do trato urinário (por exemplo, ureter ectópico, ureterocele e valvas uretrais)
    • Constipação
    • Diabetes
    更多 鉴别诊断

  • 指南

    • Guidelines on paediatric urology
    • Diagnosis and management of nocturia
    更多 指南

  • 患者教育信息

    Enurese noturna

    更多 患者教育信息
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