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Estrabismo

Last reviewed: 20 Aug 2025
Last updated: 06 Jun 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • diplopia
  • desalinhamento ocular
  • ambliopia
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • movimentos oculares anormais
  • confusão visual
  • astenopia
  • fechamento intermitente de um olho
  • paralisia do nervo craniano
Full details

Risk factors

  • história familiar de estrabismo
  • prematuridade
  • baixo peso ao nascer
  • tabagismo materno durante a gestação
  • erro de refração
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • teste de cobertura
  • teste prismático e de cobertura simultâneo (TPCS)
  • teste sem cobertura (TSC)
  • teste prismático e de cobertura alternado (TPCA)
  • teste de Hirschberg
  • teste de Krimsky
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • teste de versão
  • teste de ducção
  • teste de ducção forçada
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) da órbita
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) do tórax
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

estrabismo primário

estrabismo secundário

Contributors

Authors

Daniel J. Salchow, MD
Daniel J. Salchow

Director

Pediatric Ophthalmology; Strabismus; Neuro-ophthalmology

Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin

Berlin

Germany

Disclosures

DJS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Donny W. Suh, MD, FAAP, MBA, FACS

Chief and Professor of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

Department of Ophthalmology

University of California, Irvine

Irvine

CA

Divulgaciones

DWS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peter Tiffin, BMedSci(Hons), MBBS, FRCOphth

Ophthalmology Consultant

City Hospitals Sunderland

Sunderland

UK

Divulgaciones

PT declares that he has no competing interests.

Jonathan Smith, MBBS, MRCP, MRCOphth

Specialist Registrar in Ophthalmology

Ophthalmics

Royal Victoria Infirmary

Newcastle

UK

Divulgaciones

JS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

US Preventive Services Task Force. Vision in children ages 6 months to 5 years: screening. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo

Sprunger DT, Lambert SR, Hercinovic A, et al. Esotropia and exotropia preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P179-221.Texto completo  Resumen

Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Texto completo  Resumen

Dagi LR, Velez FG, Holmes JM, et al. Adult strabismus preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2024 Apr;131(4):P306-403.Texto completo

Cruz OA, Repka MX, Hercinovic A, et al. Amblyopia preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P136-78.Texto completo  Resumen

Artículos de referencia

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