Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- diplopia
- desalinhamento ocular
- ambliopia
Other diagnostic factors
- movimentos oculares anormais
- confusão visual
- astenopia
- fechamento intermitente de um olho
- paralisia do nervo craniano
Risk factors
- história familiar de estrabismo
- prematuridade
- baixo peso ao nascer
- tabagismo materno durante a gestação
- erro de refração
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- teste de cobertura
- teste prismático e de cobertura simultâneo (TPCS)
- teste sem cobertura (TSC)
- teste prismático e de cobertura alternado (TPCA)
- teste de Hirschberg
- teste de Krimsky
Investigations to consider
- teste de versão
- teste de ducção
- teste de ducção forçada
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) da órbita
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) do tórax
Treatment algorithm
estrabismo primário
estrabismo secundário
Contributors
Authors
Daniel J. Salchow, MD

Director
Pediatric Ophthalmology; Strabismus; Neuro-ophthalmology
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Berlin
Germany
Disclosures
DJS declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Donny W. Suh, MD, FAAP, MBA, FACS
Chief and Professor of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Department of Ophthalmology
University of California, Irvine
Irvine
CA
Divulgaciones
DWS declares that he has no competing interests.
Peter Tiffin, BMedSci(Hons), MBBS, FRCOphth
Ophthalmology Consultant
City Hospitals Sunderland
Sunderland
UK
Divulgaciones
PT declares that he has no competing interests.
Jonathan Smith, MBBS, MRCP, MRCOphth
Specialist Registrar in Ophthalmology
Ophthalmics
Royal Victoria Infirmary
Newcastle
UK
Divulgaciones
JS declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referencias
Artículos principales
US Preventive Services Task Force. Vision in children ages 6 months to 5 years: screening. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Texto completo
Sprunger DT, Lambert SR, Hercinovic A, et al. Esotropia and exotropia preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P179-221.Texto completo Resumen
Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Texto completo Resumen
Dagi LR, Velez FG, Holmes JM, et al. Adult strabismus preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2024 Apr;131(4):P306-403.Texto completo
Cruz OA, Repka MX, Hercinovic A, et al. Amblyopia preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P136-78.Texto completo Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
Diferenciales
- Pseudoestrabismo
- Visão turva
- Diplopia monocular
Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- Adult strabismus summary benchmarks
- Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus summary benchmarks
Más Guías de práctica clínicaInicie sesión o suscríbase para acceder a todo el BMJ Best Practice
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