Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- presença de fatores de risco
- prurido do couro cabeludo
- ninfa ou piolho adulto vivo
- ovos visíveis na haste capilar a até 1 cm de distância do couro cabeludo
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- pequenas pápulas vermelhas sob a linha do cabelo da nuca
- linfadenopatia
- eritema com crosta cor de mel no couro cabeludo
Factores de riesgo
- 3-12 anos de idade
- sexo feminino
- contato próximo com uma pessoa infectada
- superpopulação ou condições de moradia em locais de aglomeração
- condição socioeconômica baixa
- higiene precária
- contato com roupas, utensílios de cabelo e roupas de cama contaminados
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- nenhum exame é necessário
Algoritmo de tratamiento
crianças com <2 meses de idade
crianças com idade ≥2 meses e <2 anos
crianças com idade ≥2 anos e adultos
Colaboradores
Autores
Aicha Salhi, MD
Professor of Dermatology
Faculty of Medicine
University of Algiers
Algeria
Divulgaciones
AS declares that she has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
Professor Aicha Salhi would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Hermann Feldmeier and Professor Barbara L. Frankowski, previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
HF has received consultant and lecture fees from Pohl-Boskamp GmbH, and Co KG, Hohenlockstedt, Germany, and Almirall Hermal GmbH, Reinbek, Germany; both companies produce various anti-head louse compounds. He is also an author of several references cited in this topic. BLF is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Revisores por pares
Richard J. Pollack, PhD
Research Associate
Laboratory of Public Health Entomology
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases
Harvard School of Public Health
Boston
MA
Divulgaciones
RJP has received a research donation by Taro Pharmaceuticals (manufacturer of Ovide) and has been compensated as an independent consultant for scientific review services by Topaz Pharmaceuticals, Hatchtech, and ParaPro, each developing products for the US market. RJP holds no financial interest in any of these companies or their products. RJP is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Ian F. Burgess, MSc, MPhil
Professor
Director
Medical Entomology Centre
University of Cambridge
Cambridge
UK
Divulgaciones
IFB has been a consultant to various manufacturers of pharmaceutical products, alternative therapies, and combs for treating louse infections. IFB is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu, PhD
Professor
Department of Parasitology
Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School
Jerusalem
Israel
Divulgaciones
KYM is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referencias
Artículos principales
American Academy of Pediatrics, Nolt D, Moore S, et al. Head Lice. Pediatrics. 2022 Oct 1;150(4):e2022059282.Texto completo Resumen
Cummings C, Finlay JC, MacDonald NE et al. Head lice infestations: a clinical update. Paediatr Child Health. 2024 Jan 11;23(1):e18-24.Texto completo
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
Diferenciales
- Dermatite seborreica
- Outros objetos no cabelo
Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- Treatment of head lice
- Clinical report: head lice
Más Guías de práctica clínicaFolletos para el paciente
Piolhos de cabeça
Más Folletos para el paciente
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