小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- presença de fatores de risco
- prurido do couro cabeludo
- ninfa ou piolho adulto vivo
- ovos visíveis na haste capilar a até 1 cm de distância do couro cabeludo
其他诊断因素
- pequenas pápulas vermelhas sob a linha do cabelo da nuca
- linfadenopatia
- eritema com crosta cor de mel no couro cabeludo
危险因素
- 3-12 anos de idade
- sexo feminino
- contato próximo com uma pessoa infectada
- superpopulação ou condições de moradia em locais de aglomeração
- condição socioeconômica baixa
- higiene precária
- contato com roupas, utensílios de cabelo e roupas de cama contaminados
诊断性检查
首要检查
- nenhum exame é necessário
治疗流程
crianças com <2 meses de idade
crianças com idade ≥2 meses e <2 anos
crianças com idade ≥2 anos e adultos
撰稿人
作者
Aicha Salhi, MD
Professor of Dermatology
Faculty of Medicine
University of Algiers
Algeria
利益声明
AS declares that she has no competing interests.
鸣谢
Professor Aicha Salhi would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Hermann Feldmeier and Professor Barbara L. Frankowski, previous contributors to this topic.
利益声明
HF has received consultant and lecture fees from Pohl-Boskamp GmbH, and Co KG, Hohenlockstedt, Germany, and Almirall Hermal GmbH, Reinbek, Germany; both companies produce various anti-head louse compounds. He is also an author of several references cited in this topic. BLF is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Richard J. Pollack, PhD
Research Associate
Laboratory of Public Health Entomology
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases
Harvard School of Public Health
Boston
MA
利益声明
RJP has received a research donation by Taro Pharmaceuticals (manufacturer of Ovide) and has been compensated as an independent consultant for scientific review services by Topaz Pharmaceuticals, Hatchtech, and ParaPro, each developing products for the US market. RJP holds no financial interest in any of these companies or their products. RJP is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Ian F. Burgess, MSc, MPhil
Professor
Director
Medical Entomology Centre
University of Cambridge
Cambridge
UK
利益声明
IFB has been a consultant to various manufacturers of pharmaceutical products, alternative therapies, and combs for treating louse infections. IFB is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.
Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu, PhD
Professor
Department of Parasitology
Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School
Jerusalem
Israel
利益声明
KYM is an author of several references cited in this topic.
参考文献
关键文献
Burgess I. Human lice and their control. Ann Rev Entomol. 2004;49:457-81. 摘要
American Academy of Pediatrics, Nolt D, Moore S, et al. Head Lice. Pediatrics. 2022 Oct 1;150(4):e2022059282.全文 摘要
Cummings C, Finlay JC, MacDonald NE. Head lice infestations: A clinical update. [in fre]. Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Feb;23(1):e18-e24.全文 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
鉴别诊断
- Dermatite seborreica
- Outros objetos no cabelo
更多 鉴别诊断指南
- Clinical report: head lice
- Parasites: lice: head lice treatment
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