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Placenta prévia

Última revisão: 13 Sep 2025
Última atualização: 21 May 2024

Resumo

Definição

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • útero cicatrizado
  • presença de outros fatores de risco
  • sangramento vaginal indolor
  • ausência de causas cervicais/vaginais de sangramento no exame especular
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • anomalia na ultrassonografia prévia no primeiro trimestre
  • falta de sensibilidade uterina
  • hipotensão arterial e taquicardia
Full details

Risk factors

  • idade materna avançada
  • múltiplas gestações prévias
  • tabagismo
  • aborto espontâneo prévio
  • aborto induzido prévio
  • outras anormalidades placentárias
  • intervalos curtos entre gestações
  • uso de substâncias ilícitas
  • cicatrização uterina (mais comumente decorrente de um parto cesáreo prévio)
  • tratamentos para infertilidade
  • placenta prévia anterior
Full details

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • ultrassonografia uterina com análise com dopplerfluxometria colorida
  • Hemograma completo
  • tipagem sanguínea e prova cruzada
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) da placenta
  • razão normalizada internacional/tempo de tromboplastina parcial (INR/TTP), fibrinogênio e produtos de degradação do fibrinogênio
  • teste de Kleihauer-Betke
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

Inicial

sangramento com posição da placenta desconhecida

AGUDA

sangramento com posição da placenta prévia conhecida

placenta prévia sem sangramento

com aborto espontâneo ou interrupção eletiva

Colaboradores

Autores

Janet R. Albers, MD
Janet R. Albers

Professor

Department Chair

Family and Community Medicine

Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

Springfield

IL

Declarações

JRA declares that she has no competing interests.

Thomas H. Miller, MD

Professor

Clinical Family and Community Medicine

Associate Chairman - Western Region

Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

Springfield

IL

Divulgaciones

THM declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimientos

Dr Janet R. Albers and Dr Thomas H. Miller would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Robert Ewart and Dr Matthew Hagermeyer, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

RE and MH declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Yosra Tahir Jarjees, MD

Assistant Professor

Head of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Mosul College of Medicine

Mosul

Iraq

Disclosures

YTJ declares that he has no competing interests.

John Bachman, MD

Consultant in Family Medicine

Parker D Sanders and Isabella Sanders Professor of Primary Care

Rochester

MN

Disclosures

JB declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Jain V, Bos H, Bujold E; Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Guideline no. 402: diagnosis and management of placenta previa. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2020 Jul;42(7):906-17.e1. Abstract

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Placenta praevia and placenta accreta: diagnosis and management. Green-top guideline no. 27a. Sep 2018 [internet publication].Full text

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists / Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. ACOG SMFM obstetric care consensus #7: placenta accreta spectrum. Dec 2018 [internet publication].Full text

Shipp TD, Poder L, Feldstein VA, et al; Expert Panel on GYN and OB Imaging, American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: second and third trimester vaginal bleeding. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 Nov;17(11s):S497-504.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Placenta prévia images
  • Differentials

    • Trabalho de parto normal
    • Descolamento da placenta
    • Aborto espontâneo
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Caesarean birth
    • Guideline no. 402: diagnosis and management of placenta previa
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Parto prematuro

    More Patient information
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