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Descolamento de retina

Последний просмотренный: 17 Aug 2025
Last updated: 24 Jul 2025

Резюме

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • perda ou deterioração da visão central
  • flashes de luz
  • perda do campo visual periférico
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • moscas volantes
Full details

Risk factors

  • descolamento do vítreo posterior
  • idade mais avançada
  • miopia
  • cirurgia de catarata prévia
  • trauma
  • cirurgia oftálmica prévia
  • tumor intraocular
  • hemorragia do vítreo
  • olho contralateral afetado
  • diabetes mellitus
  • retinopatia da prematuridade
  • inflamação/infecção ocular
  • degeneração retiniana periférica
  • anormalidade anatômica
  • degeneração macular relacionada à idade
  • uso de inibidor da fosfodiesterase-5 em homens
  • causas genéticas e vasculares na infância
  • tumores na infância
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • teste da acuidade visual
  • exame com lâmpada de fenda
  • oftalmoscopia indireta
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • fotografia colorida de campo amplo
  • tomografia de coerência óptica (olho afetado)
  • Ultrassonografia B scan (olho afetado)
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC)/ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) da órbita
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

descolamento do vítreo posterior sem ruptura/rompimento

buraco/rotura da retina sem descolamento

descolamento de retina (DR) regmatogênico

descolamento de retina (DR) tracional

descolamento de retina (DR) exsudativo

descolamento de retina (DR) hemorrágico

Contributors

Authors

Ferenc Kuhn, MD, PhD
Ferenc Kuhn

Director of Clinical Research

Helen Keller Foundation for Research and Education

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham

AL

Consultant and Chief Vitreoretinal Surgeon

Department of Ophthalmology

University of Pécs Medical School

Pécs

Hungary

Disclosures

FK declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Kuhn would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Robert Morris, a previous contributor to this monograph. RM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

David Steel, MBBS, FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmologist

Sunderland Eye Infirmary

Sunderland

UK

Disclosures

DS declares that he has no competing interests.

Michael W. Stewart, MD

Professor and Chairman of Ophthalmology

Mayo Clinic

Jacksonville

FL

Disclosures

MWS declares that he has no competing interests.

Ron Adelman, MD, MPH, FACS

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Yale University School of Medicine

New Haven

CT

Disclosures

RA declares that he has no competing interests.

Scott Fraser, MD, FRCS (Ed), FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmologist

Sunderland Eye Infirmary

Sunderland

UK

Disclosures

SF declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Kim SJ, Bailey ST, Kovach JL, et al. Posterior vitreous detachment, retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2025 Apr;132(4):P163-96.Full text

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Referral of persons with possible eye diseases or injury - 2014. Apr 2014 [internet publication].​Full text

Hikichi T, Trempe CL. Relationship between floaters, light flashes, or both, and complications of posterior vitreous detachment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117:593-8. Abstract

Znaor L, Medic A, Binder S, et al. Pars plana vitrectomy versus scleral buckling for repairing simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 8;(3):CD009562.Full text  Abstract

Sena DF, Kilian R, Liu SH, et al. Pneumatic retinopexy versus scleral buckle for repairing simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 11;(11):CD008350.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Descolamento de retina images
  • Differentials

    • Tração vitreomacular
    • Retinosquise
    • Retinopatia diabética
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Posterior vitreous detachment, retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration preferred practice pattern®
    • Retina summary benchmarks - 2024
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Degeneração macular

    More Patient information
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