Резюме
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- perda ou deterioração da visão central
- flashes de luz
- perda do campo visual periférico
Other diagnostic factors
- moscas volantes
Risk factors
- descolamento do vítreo posterior
- idade mais avançada
- miopia
- cirurgia de catarata prévia
- trauma
- cirurgia oftálmica prévia
- tumor intraocular
- hemorragia do vítreo
- olho contralateral afetado
- diabetes mellitus
- retinopatia da prematuridade
- inflamação/infecção ocular
- degeneração retiniana periférica
- anormalidade anatômica
- degeneração macular relacionada à idade
- uso de inibidor da fosfodiesterase-5 em homens
- causas genéticas e vasculares na infância
- tumores na infância
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- teste da acuidade visual
- exame com lâmpada de fenda
- oftalmoscopia indireta
Investigations to consider
- fotografia colorida de campo amplo
- tomografia de coerência óptica (olho afetado)
- Ultrassonografia B scan (olho afetado)
- tomografia computadorizada (TC)/ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) da órbita
Treatment algorithm
descolamento do vítreo posterior sem ruptura/rompimento
buraco/rotura da retina sem descolamento
descolamento de retina (DR) regmatogênico
descolamento de retina (DR) tracional
descolamento de retina (DR) exsudativo
descolamento de retina (DR) hemorrágico
Contributors
Authors
Ferenc Kuhn, MD, PhD

Director of Clinical Research
Helen Keller Foundation for Research and Education
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham
AL
Consultant and Chief Vitreoretinal Surgeon
Department of Ophthalmology
University of Pécs Medical School
Pécs
Hungary
Disclosures
FK declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Kuhn would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Robert Morris, a previous contributor to this monograph. RM declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
David Steel, MBBS, FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmologist
Sunderland Eye Infirmary
Sunderland
UK
Disclosures
DS declares that he has no competing interests.
Michael W. Stewart, MD
Professor and Chairman of Ophthalmology
Mayo Clinic
Jacksonville
FL
Disclosures
MWS declares that he has no competing interests.
Ron Adelman, MD, MPH, FACS
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven
CT
Disclosures
RA declares that he has no competing interests.
Scott Fraser, MD, FRCS (Ed), FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmologist
Sunderland Eye Infirmary
Sunderland
UK
Disclosures
SF declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Kim SJ, Bailey ST, Kovach JL, et al. Posterior vitreous detachment, retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2025 Apr;132(4):P163-96.Full text
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Referral of persons with possible eye diseases or injury - 2014. Apr 2014 [internet publication].Full text
Hikichi T, Trempe CL. Relationship between floaters, light flashes, or both, and complications of posterior vitreous detachment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117:593-8. Abstract
Znaor L, Medic A, Binder S, et al. Pars plana vitrectomy versus scleral buckling for repairing simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 8;(3):CD009562.Full text Abstract
Sena DF, Kilian R, Liu SH, et al. Pneumatic retinopexy versus scleral buckle for repairing simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 11;(11):CD008350.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Tração vitreomacular
- Retinosquise
- Retinopatia diabética
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Posterior vitreous detachment, retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration preferred practice pattern®
- Retina summary benchmarks - 2024
More GuidelinesPatient information
Degeneração macular
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