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Pneumonite por hipersensibilidade

Última revisión: 13 Sep 2025
Última actualización: 09 Sep 2025

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • exposição a antígeno de proteína aviária, especialmente excrementos
  • bolor no ambiente de trabalho
  • exposição ocupacional a substâncias químicas
  • dispneia
  • tosse
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • febre/calafrios
  • mal-estar
  • perda de peso/anorexia
  • estertores bibasilares
  • estertores difusos
  • baqueteamento digital
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • tabagismo
  • infecção viral
  • exposição a antígeno proteico aviário
  • exposição a antígeno de bolor
  • exposição a antígeno bacteriano
  • exposição a di-isocianato (por exemplo, resina epóxi)
  • exposição a antígeno ácido de anidrido (por exemplo, recuperadores de pintura)
  • Exposição a fluidos de usinagem com metais
  • uso de determinados medicamentos
  • uso de cigarros eletrônicos
  • medicina ayurvédica
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • radiografia torácica
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) de alta resolução do tórax
  • IgG ou IgA específica para antígeno sérico
  • testes de função pulmonar
  • capacidade de difusão do monóxido de carbono
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • lavagem broncoalveolar
  • biópsia pulmonar
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

todos os pacientes

Colaboradores

Autores

Leslie Grammer, MD

Professor

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Director

Ernest S. Bazley Asthma and Allergy Center

Clinic Practice Director

Allergy-Immunology

Northwestern Medical Faculty Foundation

Chicago

IL

Divulgaciones

LG declares that she has no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Maximiliano Tamae-Kakazu, MD, FCCP

Associate Professor of Medicine

Program Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship

Research Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine

Corewell Health West - Michigan State University College of Human Medicine

East Lansing

MI

Divulgaciones

MTK received fees from InflaRx as a consultant to participate in a COVID-19 pneumonia Advisory Board. MTK received fees from Pfizer as a consultant to participate in a healthcare disparities in primary immunodeficiencies advisory board. MTK received fees from Regeneron as consultant on the pathophysiology of asthma and need of education in fellowship programs advisory board in January 2022. All the honoraria have been donated to the Corewell Health Foundation.

Toby M. Maher, MB, MSc, PhD, MRCP

Consultant Respiratory Physician

Interstitial Lung Disease Unit

Royal Brompton Hospital

London

UK

Disclosures

TMM has received consultancy fees from GSK, Actelion, and Philips Respironics. He has received lecture fees from Astra Zeneca and holds an unrestricted industry-academic grant from GSK.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, et al. Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in adults. An Official ATS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Aug 1;202(3):e36-69.Full text  Abstract

Quirce S, Vandenplas O, Campo P, et al. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an EAACI position paper. Allergy. 2016 Jun;71(6):765-79.Full text  Abstract

Fernández Pérez ER, Travis WD, Lynch DA, et al. Diagnosis and evaluation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2021 Aug;160(2):e97-156.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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