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Uropatia obstrutiva

Last reviewed: 13 Jul 2025
Last updated: 13 Sep 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • sinais de disfunção orgânica precoce (taquipneia, taquicardia, hipotensão, estado mental alterado) em um paciente com suspeita de sepse
  • dor no flanco
  • febre
  • sintomas do trato urinário inferior
  • abdome distendido/bexiga palpável
  • incapacidade de urinar
  • próstata aumentada ou nodular com consistência dura no exame retal
  • sensibilidade no ângulo costovertebral
  • doença neurológica (por exemplo, lesão da medula espinhal, esclerose múltipla)
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • hematúria
  • idade mais avançada
  • estreitamento meatal
  • malignidade abdominal ou pélvica
  • intervenção uretral prévia
  • infecção do trato urinário em uma criança
  • massa pélvica no exame físico interno
  • perda de peso e linfadenopatia
  • infecção do trato urinário recorrente
  • incontinência urinária
Full details

Risk factors

  • hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB)
  • constipação
  • medicamentos (agentes anticolinérgicos, analgésicos opioides, agonistas do receptor alfa)
  • urolitíase (cálculos ureterais)
  • lesão da medula espinhal, doença de Parkinson ou esclerose múltipla
  • neoplasia maligna
  • gestação
  • hematúria
  • valvas uretrais posteriores
  • hérnia vesical
  • cistocele
  • lesão iatrogênica
  • intervenção uretral
  • fibrose retroperitoneal
  • estenose meatal
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • tira reagente para exame de urina
  • ultrassonografia renal
  • ureia e creatinina
  • Hemograma completo
  • TC de abdome e pelve sem contraste
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • urocultura
  • hemocultura
  • TC de abdome e pelve, com e sem contraste
  • urografia por ressonância magnética (URM)
  • pielograma intravenoso (urografia excretora)
  • renografia nuclear (cintilografia renal tripla/MAG3)
  • cistouretrografia miccional
  • ultrassonografia da bexiga
  • antígeno prostático específico
  • marcadores tumorais (por exemplo, antígeno carcinoembriogênico [CEA] sérico, CA125)
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

obstrução unilateral ou bilateral com sinais de infecção

ACUTE

obstrução uni ou bilateral decorrente de cálculos sem sinais de infecção

obstrução unilateral não decorrente de cálculos, sem sinais de infecção

obstrução bilateral não decorrente de cálculos, sem sinais de infecção

Contributors

Authors

Harris E. Foster Jr., MD

Professor of Urology

Section Chief of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Reconstruction

Yale School of Medicine

New Haven

CT

Disclosures

HEF declares that he has no competing interests.

Adam Benjamin Hittelman, MD, PhD

Associate Professor in Urology

Section Chief of Pediatric Urology

Yale School of Medicine

New Haven

CT

Disclosures

ABH declares that he has provided expert testimony and has given lectures on obstructive uropathy.

Parth M. Patel, MD

Assistant Professor of Urology

Department of Urology

University of California Los Angeles

Los Angeles

CA

Disclosures

PMP declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Harris E. Foster Jr., Adam Benjamin Hittelman, and Parth M. Patel would like to gratefully acknowledge Adrienne J. Carmack, a previous contributor to this topic.

Disclosures

AJC declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Brian Cohen, MD

Private Practice Urologist

Asheville

NC

Disclosures

BC declares that he has no competing interests.

Yekutiel Sandman, MD

Private Practice Urologist

Miami

FL

Disclosures

YS declares that he has no competing interests.

Vincent Gnanapragasam, MBBS, BMedSci, PhD, FRCSEng, FRCSEd(Urol)

Lecturer in Uro-oncology and Consultant Urological Surgeon

Department of Urology

Addenbrooke's Hospital

Cambridge

UK

Disclosures

VG declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Wessells H, Morey A, Souter L, et al. Urethral stricture disease guideline amendment (2023). J Urol. 2023 Jul;210(1):64-71.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute onset flank pain-suspicion of stone disease (urolithiasis)​. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

American Urological Association; Endourological Society. Surgical management of stones: AUA/Endourology Society guideline. 2016 [internet publication].Full text

Sandhu JS, Bixler BR, Dahm P, et al. Management of lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): AUA guideline amendment 2023. J Urol. 2024 Jan;211(1):11-19.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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