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Deficiência de vitamina D

Последний просмотренный: 17 Aug 2025
Last updated: 29 May 2025

Резюме

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • arqueamento das pernas
  • alargamento das extremidades dos ossos longos
  • erupção dentária tardia e cárie dentária precoce
  • deformidade torácica
  • desconforto ósseo com dor pulsátil e/ou irritabilidade
  • sudorese na cabeça
  • sensibilidade óssea localizada ou generalizada
  • fraqueza muscular proximal
  • rosário raquítico
  • bossa frontal
  • marcha cambaleante
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • retardo do crescimento
  • realização tardia de marcos motores
  • fadiga e mal-estar
  • sintomas de hipocalcemia
Full details

Risk factors

  • exposição inadequada à luz solar
  • maior pigmentação da pele
  • idade >50 anos
  • ingestão inadequada alimentar e suplementar de vitamina D
  • má absorção
  • obesidade
  • uso de determinados medicamentos
  • mutações genéticas
  • história de tumor benigno ou maligno
  • doença renal crônica
  • distúrbios granulomatosos
  • hiperparatireoidismo primário
  • hipertireoidismo
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • 25-hidroxivitamina D sérica
  • cálcio sérico
  • fosfato sérico em jejum
  • fosfatase alcalina sérica
Full details

Tests to consider

  • radiografias simples dos joelhos e punhos
  • paratormônio (PTH) intacto
  • 1,25-di-hidroxivitamina D sérica
  • densitometria óssea (DXA)
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

insuficiência

deficiência

Contributors

Authors

Michael F. Holick, PhD, MD

Director Vitamin D, Skin, and Bone Research Laboratory

Director Ehlers-Danlos Clinical Research Programme

Professor of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics and Molecular Medicine

Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics

Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management

Boston University School of Medicine

Boston

MA

Disclosures

MFH has a clinical research contract and consultant for Solius Inc., clinical and basic research contract and grant from Carbogen-Amcis, and is a consultant for Faes Farma, Adela, Ontometrics Inc., Eureka program, KBD Sperti Inc., and Biogena Inc. He is a speaker for Pulse Ltd, Abbott Inc., Sanofi Inc., Menarini Inc., PharmaEVO Pvt. Ltd., and a former board member of Bridge to Life. He also chaired the Endocrine Society’s 2011 practice guidelines on vitamin D. MFH is an author of The Vitamin D Solution and The UV Advantage. MFH is an author of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Linda Lester, MD, MS

Associate Professor of Medicine

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition

School of Medicine

Oregon Health & Science University

Portland

OR

Disclosures

LL declares that she has no competing interests.

Stefan Pilz, MD

General Practitioner

Resident at the Department of Internal Medicine

Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine

Medical University of Graz

Graz

Austria

Disclosures

SP is an author of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD, et al. Vitamin D for the prevention of disease: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Jul 12;109(8):1907-47.Full text  Abstract

Chanchlani R, Nemer P, Sinha R, et al. An overview of rickets in children. Kidney Int Rep. 2020 Jul;5(7):980-90.Full text  Abstract

US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for vitamin D deficiency in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Apr 13;325(14):1436-42.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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