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Deficiência de vitamina B3

Last reviewed: 18 Aug 2025
Last updated: 21 Dec 2023

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • dermatite
  • insônia, depressão ou perda de memória
  • estupor intermitente
  • alucinações ou delirium
  • fraqueza
  • neuropatia periférica
  • hipertonia ou mioclonia oposicional
  • rigidez em roda dentada
  • reflexos primitivos
  • ataxia
  • náuseas, vômitos ou diarreia
  • glossite, queilite ou estomatite
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • fadiga
  • ansiedade ou paranoia
  • anorexia, perda de peso ou caquexia
  • cefaleia
  • vertigem
  • incontinência
  • constipação
  • pirose
  • palpebrite angular
Full details

Risk factors

  • desnutrição
  • transtornos decorrentes do uso crônico de bebidas alcoólicas
  • deficiência de vitamina B2 (riboflavina)
  • deficiência de vitamina B6 (piridoxina)
  • má absorção
  • transtornos alimentares
  • doença de Hartnup
  • síndrome carcinoide
  • medicamentos antituberculosos
  • Doença de Crohn
  • Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)
  • deficiência de cobre
  • certos medicamentos
  • gestação e lactação
  • idade >65 anos
  • Doença de Alzheimer
  • Doença de Parkinson
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • triptofano sérico
  • N-metilnicotinamida urinária
  • N-metil-2-piridona-5-carboxamida urinária
  • proporção de 2-piridona/N-metilnicotinamida urinária
  • biópsia de pele
  • teste de fotossensibilidade
  • Hemograma completo
  • albumina sérica
  • proteína sérica
  • TFHs
  • gama-glutamiltransferase (gama-GT)
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • ferro sérico total
  • capacidade de ligação do ferro
  • ferritina
  • atividade da transcetolase
  • pirofosfato de tiamina (TPF)
  • coeficiente de riboflavina
  • piridoxal 5-fosfato sérico
  • cianocobalamina sérica
  • ácido fólico sérico
  • ácido fólico eritrocitário
  • exame de fezes
  • aminoacidúria neutra
  • serotonina sérica
  • serotonina plaquetária
  • ácido 5-hidroxi-indolacético urinário
  • anticorpos antivírus da imunodeficiência humana (anti-HIV)
  • exame do estado mental
  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

assintomático (deficiência marginal)

sintomático (pelagra)

Contributors

Authors

Whadi-ah Parker, PhD, RD(SA)

Senior Research Specialist

Centre for the Study of the Social and Environmental Determinants of Nutrition

Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation

HSRC

Cape Town

South Africa

Disclosures

WP declares that she has no competing interests.

Zandile J Mchiza, RD, PhD

Professor

School of Public Health

University of the Western Cape

Cape Town

South Africa

Disclosures

ZJM declares that she has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Whadi-ah Parker and Dr Zandile J Mchiza would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Demetre Labadarios and Dr Nelia Patricia Steyn, as previous contributors of this topic, as well as Miss Nophiwe Job, Ms Nwabisa Tshefu, and Mr Machoene Derrick Sekgala for their contributions to this topic. DL, NPS, NJ, NT, and MDS declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Alan Shenkin, MB, ChB, BSc, PhD, FRCP, FRCPath

Emeritus Professor of Clinical Chemistry

University of Liverpool

UK

Disclosures

AS declares that he has no competing interests.

Alfredo Morabia, MD, PhD, MS

CBNS

Queens College

City University of New York

NY

Disclosures

AM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Janice LR, Kelly M. Krause and Mahan’s Food and the Nutrition Care Process. 16th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2022.

Janos Z, John WS, Jesse FG III, et al. Handbook of vitamins. 5rd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2013.

Sauberlich HE. Laboratory tests for the assessment of nutritional status. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1999:161-174.

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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