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Leucoplasia oral

Last reviewed: 21 Aug 2025
Last updated: 25 Jan 2023

Summary

Definition

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • placas brancas homogêneas
  • outras causas para exclusão de lesões brancas
  • aparência não homogênea
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • sexo masculino
  • idade >40 anos
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • tabagismo
  • uso de bebidas alcoólicas
  • uso de noz-de-areca (bétele)
  • candidíase crônica
  • predisposição genética
  • imunossupressão
  • anemia de Fanconi
  • exposição solar
  • infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV)
  • Infecção por Treponema pallidum (sífilis)
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • biópsia incisional
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • biópsia por escova
  • autoanticorpos para anticorpo antinuclear (ANA), DNA de fita dupla e antígeno de Smith
  • Sorologia para Treponema pallidum
Detalhes completos

Novos exames

  • espectroscopia de quimioluminescência
  • marcadores moleculares e cromossômicos
  • diagnóstico fotodinâmico (DFD) com ácido 5-aminolevulínico (DFD-ALA)
  • coloração vital com azul de toluidina

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

todos os pacientes

Colaboradores

Autores

Saman Warnakulasuriya, DSc, BDS, PhD

Emeritus Professor

Dental Institute at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals

Department of Oral Medicine

King's College London

London

UK

Declarações

SW is an author of several references cited in this topic.

Agradecimentos

Professor Saman Warnakulasuriya would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr James Sciubba and the late Professor Crispian Scully for their contributions to this topic.

Declarações

JS is an author of some references cited in this topic.

Revisores

Finn Praetorius, DDS

Oral Pathologist

Department of Oral Pathology

School of Dentistry

University of Copenhagen

Copenhagen

Denmark

Declarações

FP declares that he has no competing interests.

Isaac Van der Waal, DDS, PhD

Professor and Head

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology

Vrije Universiteit Medical Center

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Disclosures

IVdW declares that he has no competing interests.

Michaell Huber, DDS

Associate Professor

Head

Division of Oral Medicine

Department of Dental Diagnostic Science

Dental School

University of Texas Health Science Center

San Antonio

TX

Disclosures

MH declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Lingen MW, Abt E, Agrawal N, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the evaluation of potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity: a report of the American Dental Association. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017 Oct;148(10):712-27;e10.Full text  Abstract

Lodi G, Franchini R, Warnakulasuriya S, et al. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 29;(7):CD001829.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

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