小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- presença de fatores de risco
- placas brancas homogêneas
- outras causas para exclusão de lesões brancas
- aparência não homogênea
其他诊断因素
- sexo masculino
- idade >40 anos
危险因素
- tabagismo
- uso de bebidas alcoólicas
- uso de noz-de-areca (bétele)
- candidíase crônica
- predisposição genética
- imunossupressão
- anemia de Fanconi
- exposição solar
- infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV)
- Infecção por Treponema pallidum (sífilis)
诊断性检查
首要检查
- biópsia incisional
需考虑的检查
- biópsia por escova
- autoanticorpos para anticorpo antinuclear (ANA), DNA de fita dupla e antígeno de Smith
- Sorologia para Treponema pallidum
新兴检查
- espectroscopia de quimioluminescência
- marcadores moleculares e cromossômicos
- diagnóstico fotodinâmico (DFD) com ácido 5-aminolevulínico (DFD-ALA)
- coloração vital com azul de toluidina
治疗流程
todos os pacientes
撰稿人
作者
Saman Warnakulasuriya, DSc, BDS, PhD
Emeritus Professor
Dental Institute at Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospitals
Department of Oral Medicine
King's College London
London
UK
利益声明
SW is an author of several references cited in this topic.
鸣谢
Professor Saman Warnakulasuriya would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr James Sciubba and the late Professor Crispian Scully for their contributions to this topic.
利益声明
JS is an author of some references cited in this topic.
同行评议者
Finn Praetorius, DDS
Oral Pathologist
Department of Oral Pathology
School of Dentistry
University of Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Denmark
利益声明
FP declares that he has no competing interests.
Isaac Van der Waal, DDS, PhD
Professor and Head
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology
Vrije Universiteit Medical Center
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
利益声明
IVdW declares that he has no competing interests.
Michaell Huber, DDS
Associate Professor
Head
Division of Oral Medicine
Department of Dental Diagnostic Science
Dental School
University of Texas Health Science Center
San Antonio
TX
利益声明
MH declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
参考文献
关键文献
Lingen MW, Abt E, Agrawal N, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the evaluation of potentially malignant disorders in the oral cavity: a report of the American Dental Association. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017 Oct;148(10):712-27;e10.全文 摘要
Lodi G, Franchini R, Warnakulasuriya S, et al. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 29;(7):CD001829.全文 摘要
参考文献
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.

鉴别诊断
- Carcinoma de células escamosas oral
- Candidíase crônica
- Fibrose submucosa
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