Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- presença de fatores de risco
- lesões cutâneas necróticas (cutâneo)
- lesões indolores (cutâneo)
- edema (cutâneo)
- doença semelhante à gripe (inalação)
- sintomas respiratórios (inalação)
- ulceração orofaríngea (ingestão)
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- linfadenopatia
- sinais de meningite
- hipotensão
- sintomas gastrointestinais (ingestão)
Factores de riesgo
- exposição ambiental
- exposição ocupacional
- terrorismo biológico
- ingestão de carne malcozida
- uso de heroína
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- cultura e coloração de Gram
- reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (RT-PCR)
- sorologia
- espectrometria de massa da toxina do fator letal (FL) do antraz
- biópsia
- Hemograma completo
- radiografia torácica
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) do tórax
Algoritmo de tratamiento
antraz cutâneo sem sinais/sintomas de meningite
antraz sistêmico com ou sem meningite
Colaboradores
Autores
Kari Simonsen, MD, MBA
Professor of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Divulgaciones
KS declares that she has organisational financial interests for sponsored clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech), investigational antibiotics (Melinta Therapeutics), and RSV vaccine (Sanofi/AstraZeneca), none of which are related to anthrax.
Clayton Mowrer, DO, MBA
Fellow
Division of Internal Medicine/Pediatric Infectious Diseases
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha
NE
Divulgaciones
CM declares that he has no competing interests.
Agradecimientos
Dr Kari Simonsen and Dr Clayton Mowrer would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Daniel Boyle, Dr Brian Wolf, Dr Teresa Zembower, and Dr Pavani Reddy, previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
DB, BW, TZ, and PR declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
Timothy Benton, MD
Regional Chairman
Residency Program Director
Associate Professor
Family and Community Medicine
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin
Odessa
TX
Divulgaciones
TB declares that he has no competing interests.
Raffaele D’Amelio, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine
Director: Unit Clinical Immunology and Allergy
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine
Sapienza University of Rome, S. Andrea University Hospital
Rome
Italy
Divulgaciones
RD declares that he has no competing interests.
Ali Hassoun, MD, FACP, FIDSA, AAHIVS
Infectious Disease Specialist
Alabama Infectious Diseases Center
Huntsville
AL
Divulgaciones
AH declares that he has no competing interests.
Tim Brooks, MA, LMSSA, MB BChir, MSc, FRCPath, FRSPH
Head of Novel & Dangerous Pathogens
Novel and Dangerous Pathogens
HPA Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response
Salisbury
UK
Divulgaciones
TB declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referencias
Artículos principales
Bower WA, Yu Y, Person MK, et al. CDC guidelines for the prevention and treatment of anthrax, 2023 MMWR Recomm Rep. 2023 Nov 17;72(6):1-47.Texto completo Resumen
Bower WA, Schiffer J, Atmar RL, et al; ACIP Anthrax Vaccine Work Group. Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2019. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2019 Dec 13;68(4):1-14.Texto completo Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
Diferenciales
- Furunculose bacteriana
- Ectima gangrenoso
- Orf (ectima contagioso)
Más DiferencialesGuías de práctica clínica
- CDC Yellow Book: health information for international travel - anthrax
- CDC guidelines for the prevention and treatment of anthrax
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