小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- presença de fatores de risco
- febre
- erupção cutânea vesicular
- vesículas em membranas mucosas
其他诊断因素
- prurido
- cefaleia
- fadiga/mal-estar
- faringite
- taquicardia
危险因素
- exposição à varicela
- idade entre 1 e 9 anos
- estado não imunizado
- exposição ocupacional
诊断性检查
首要检查
- diagnóstico clínico
需考虑的检查
- reação em cadeia da polimerase
- cultura viral
- teste de anticorpo fluorescente direto (AFD)
- esfregaço de Tzanck
- aglutinação em látex (AL)
- ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA)
- fixação de complemento
- ultrassonografia (gestantes)
治疗流程
crianças saudáveis com baixo risco de contrair a forma mais grave da doença
aumento do risco de doença moderada a grave
alto risco de contrair a forma mais grave da doença
doença grave
撰稿人
作者
Andrew Riordan, MD, FRCPCH, MRCP, DTM&H
Consultant in Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology
Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital (Alder Hey)
Liverpool
UK
Disclosures
AR declares that he has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Dr Andrew Riordan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Steven Pergam, Dr Rupali Jain, and Dr Anna Wald, previous contributors to this topic.
Disclosures
SP has served as a consultant for Merck & Co., Inc, Optimer/Cubist, and Chimerix, and has participated in clinical trials with these three organizations. He is also an author of a paper cited in this topic. RJ declares that she has no competing interests. AW is a member of the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) for a Merck study of a candidate VZV vaccine.
Peer reviewers
Chad M. Hivnor, Major, USAF, MC, FS
Chief
Outpatient & Pediatric Dermatology
59th Medical Wing/ SGOMD
Lackland Air Force Base
San Antonio
TX
Disclosures
CMH declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
UK Health Security Agency. The Green Book: Varicella. Jun 2019 [internet publication].Full text
Marin M, Güris D, Chaves SS, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of varicella: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2007 Jun 22;56(RR-4):1-40.Full text Abstract
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Chickenpox in pregnancy (Green-top guideline no. 13). January 2015 [internet publication].Full text
American Academy of Pediatrics. Varicella-zoster virus infections. In: Kimberlin DW, ed. Red book 2021- 2024: report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 32nd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021; 831-43.Full text
Pergam SA, Limaye AP, AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Varicella zoster virus in solid organ transplantation: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019 Sep;33(9):e13622. Abstract
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chickenpox (varicella). For healthcare professionals. Oct 2022 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated recommendations for use of VariZIG - United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Jul 19;62(28):574-6.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Varíola
- Infecção por herpes-zóster
- Infecção por vírus do herpes simples (HSV)
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Recommended child and adolescent immunization schedules for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2024
- Varicella (chickenpox)
More GuidelinesPatient information
Vacina contra herpes-zóster
Vacina contra varicela
More Patient information
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