Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- febre de início súbito
- mal-estar
- mialgia
- artralgia
- faringite
- anorexia
- dor abdominal
- distúrbios visuais
- cefaleia
- erupção cutânea
- linfadenopatia
- hiperemia conjuntival
- lesões coriorretinianas multifocais
- coriorretinite e vitrite inflamatória
- convulsões
- dificuldade respiratória
- icterícia
- desconforto epigástrico
- confusão leve
- desorientação
- estupor/coma
- rigidez de nuca
- sinal de Kernig
- sinal de Brudzinski
- paralisia muscular
- parkinsonismo
- ataxia
- mioclonia
- tremores
Other diagnostic factors
- náuseas/vômitos
- fraqueza muscular generalizada
- esplenomegalia
- hemorragias retinianas
- dor torácica, dispneia, palpitações
- fotofobia
- depressão
- perda de memória
- disfunções intestinal e vesical
- paralisia de nervo craniano
Risk factors
- morar em/visitar áreas com alta atividade do vírus do Nilo Ocidental
- picadas de mosquito
- transfusão sanguínea
- transplante de órgãos
- lesões por picada de agulha
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- sorologia
- teste de neutralização por redução de placas
- Análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR)
- hemograma completo
- eletrólitos séricos
- testes da função hepática
- amilase/lipase sérica
Investigations to consider
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) do crânio
- reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR)
Treatment algorithm
febre do Nilo Ocidental
Doença neuroinvasiva do Nilo Ocidental
Contributors
Authors
Bruce Y. Lee, MD, MBA
Professor of Health Policy and Management
Executive Director
Center for Advanced Technology and Communication for Health (CATCH)
Public Health Informatics Computational and Operation Research (PHICOR)
City University of New York (CUNY)
New York
NY
Disclosures
BYL declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Susan Stramer, PhD
Executive Scientific Officer
American Red Cross
Gaithersburg
MD
Disclosures
SS declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Hayes EB, Sejvar JJ, Zaki SR, et al. Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1174-1179. Abstract
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. West Nile virus: guidelines for West Nile virus surveillance and control. Jul 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. West Nile virus: West Nile virus disease therapeutics: review of the literature. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Encefalite por vírus do herpes simples
- Encefalite de St. Louis
- Encefalite equina do leste
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Guidelines for West Nile virus surveillance and control
- Treatment and prevention of West Nile virus disease
More Guidelines
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