Summary
Differentials
Common
- Vômitos
- Diarreia intensa
- Uso de laxantes e agentes de limpeza intestinal
- Bulimia nervosa
- Anorexia nervosa
- Induzida por medicamentos
- Alcoolismo
- Cetoacidose diabética
- Estado hiperosmolar hiperglicêmico
- Aldosteronismo primário
- Exercícios em clima quente
- Resposta ao estresse em doença crítica
Uncommon
- Adenoma viloso
- Síndrome de Verner-Morrison (VIPoma)
- Alça/conduto ileal com implantes ureterais
- Diálise ou plasmaférese
- Excesso aparente de mineralocorticoide
- Síndrome de Cushing
- Hipomagnesemia
- Paralisia periódica hipocalêmica
- Diabetes insípido central (DI)
- Hiperplasia adrenal congênita decorrente da deficiência de 11-beta-hidroxilase
- Acidose tubular renal (ATR)
- Síndrome de Bartter
- Síndrome de Gitelman
- Síndrome de Liddle
- Doença renal associada à síndrome de Sjögren
- Doença renal associada à nefropatia lúpica
- Queimaduras
- Eczema envolvendo uma grande área de superfície
- Psoríase envolvendo uma grande área de superfície
- Fibrose cística (FC)
- Polidipsia primária (geralmente psicogênica)
- Hipotermia
Contributors
Authors
Udaya Kabadi, MD
Professor of Medicine
University of Iowa
Des Moines Internal Medicine Residency Training Program
Staff Endocrinologist
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Des Moines
IA
Disclosures
UK is an author of references cited in this topic.
Acknowledgements
Dr Udaya Kabadi would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Sumit Sharma and Dr Preeti Agrawal, previous contributors to this topic. SS and PA declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Bryan M Tucker, DO, MS
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Section of Nephrology
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston
TX
Disclosures
BMT declares that he has no competing interests.
Manish Suneja, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Nephrology
University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics
Iowa City
IA
Disclosures
MS declares that he has no competing interests.
Suresh C. Hathiwala, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine
Chicago Medical School
Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science
Associate Program Director
Department of Medicine
Mount Sinai Hospital
Chicago
IL
Disclosures
SCH declares that he has no competing interests.
Dimitrios Kirmizis, MD, MSc, PhD
Nephrologist
Aristotle University
Thessaloniki
Greece
Disclosures
DK declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
Unwin RJ, Luft FC, Shirley DG. Pathophysiology and management of hypokalemia: a clinical perspective. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2011;7:75-84. Abstract
Pepin J, Shields C. Advances in diagnosis and management of hypokalemic and hyperkalemic emergencies. Emerg Med Pract. 2012;14:1-17. Abstract
Greenlee M, Wingo CS, McDonough AA, et al. Narrative review: evolving concepts in potassium homeostasis and hypokalemia. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:619-625. Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Guidelines
- Hypokalaemia
- SFE/SFHTA/AFCE consensus on primary aldosteronism, part 1: Epidemiology of PA, who should be screened for sporadic PA?
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