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Entorses e distensões musculoesqueléticas

Last reviewed: 21 Jul 2025
Last updated: 05 Mar 2021

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • início agudo dos sintomas
  • mecanismo da lesão
  • dor intensa
  • edema
  • hematomas
  • fenda palpável na posição normal no tendão de Aquiles (ruptura do tendão de Aquiles)
  • teste de aperto da panturrilha positivo (ruptura do tendão de Aquiles)
  • teste de Matles positivo (ruptura do tendão de Aquiles)
  • teste de aperto do bíceps positivo (ruptura do tendão do bíceps)
  • teste de “gancho” positivo (ruptura do tendão do bíceps)
  • som de estalo
  • deformidade
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • lesão prévia
  • sintoma com duração superior a alguns dias
  • amplitude de movimentos (ADM) limitada
  • fraqueza
Full details

Risk factors

  • tipo de esporte (basquete, patinação no gelo, futebol, esportes de contato)
  • variação anatômica
  • exercício excêntrico
  • arquitetura penada dos músculos e fibras musculares tipo II (contração rápida)
  • unidades músculo-tendão que abrangem 2 articulações
  • história pregressa de entorse de tornozelo
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • radiografias
  • RNM
  • ultrassonografia nas lesões não ligamentares
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • artroscopia diagnóstica
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

buscam atendimento durante as primeiras 24 a 48 horas: suspeita de ruptura incompleta (grau 1 ou 2)

buscam atendimento durante as primeiras 24 a 48 horas: ruptura completa confirmada (grau 3)

ONGOING

com piora da dor e/ou sem melhora funcional na reavaliação após 1 semana

Contributors

Authors

Senthil N. Sambandam, MBBS, MS, MRCS(Edn)

Staff Orthopaedic Surgeon

Department of Orthopaedics

VA Medical Center

Cheyenne

WY

Disclosures

SNS declares that he has no competing interests.

Varatharaj Mounasamy, MD, FRCS

Assistant Professor

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Virginia Commonwealth University

Richmond

VA

Disclosures

VM is an editorial board member, European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology.

Sakthivel Rajaram Manoharan, MD, MS

Spinal Clinical Research Fellow

Queens Medical Centre

Nottingham

UK

Disclosures

SRM declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Senthil N. Sambandam, Dr Varatharaj Mounasamy, and Dr Sakthivel Rajaram Manoharan would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Issada Thongtrangan, a previous contributor to this topic. IT declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Quanjun Cui, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Orthopaedics

University of Virginia

Charlottesville

VA

Disclosures

QC declares that he has no competing interests.

Nicola Maffulli, MD, MS, PhD, FRCS(Orth)

Professor of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery

University Hospital of North Staffordshire

Keele University School of Medicine

Stoke on Trent

UK

Disclosures

NM is an author of a study referenced in this topic.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Bahr R. Can we prevent ankle sprains? In: MacAuley D, Best TM, eds. Evidence-based sports medicine, 14th ed. London: BMJ, 2002:470.

Fong DT, Hong Y, Chan LK, et al. A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports Med. 2007;37:73-94. Abstract

Noonan TJ, Garrett WE Jr. Muscle strain injury: diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999;7:262-269. Abstract

Speer KP, Lohnes J, Garett WE Jr. Radiographic imaging of muscle strain injury. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21:89-95. Abstract

Boutin RD, Fritz RC, Steinbach LS. Imaging of sports-related muscle injuries. Radiol Clin North Am. 2002;40:333-362. Abstract

Wexler RK. The injured ankle. Am Fam Physician. 1998;57:474-480.Full text  Abstract

Vuurberg G, Hoorntje A, Wink LM, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: update of an evidence-based clinical guideline. Br J Sports Med. 2018 Aug;52(15):956.Full text  Abstract

Hertel J. The role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of acute soft tissue injuries. J Athl Train. 1997;32:350-358.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Patient information

    Entorse de tornozelo

    More Patient information
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