Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- sensação de ardência
- sensação de prurido
- sensação de corpo estranho
- incrustações das pálpebras
- olho seco
- eritema palpebral, telangiectasias
- colaretes ao redor dos cílios
- glândulas meibomianas cobertas
- hiperemia conjuntival
- filme lacrimal instável com um tempo de desagregação curto
Other diagnostic factors
- calázio
- alterações no couro cabeludo
- intolerância a lentes de contato
- fotofobia
- telangiectasias faciais, eritema, pústulas, pápulas
- despigmentação dos cílios
- triquíase
- madarose
- espessamento, incisura e ulceração da margem palpebral
- alterações corneanas
- diminuição da visão
Risk factors
- Infecção por ácaros demodex
- idade ≥50 anos
- mulheres
- doença dermatológica
- cirurgia/lesão intraocular ou da pálpebra
Diagnostic investigations
Investigations to consider
- biópsia palpebral
- cultura da margem da pálpebra
- avaliação microscópica dos cílios epilados
Treatment algorithm
sem comprometimento visual
comprometimento visual resultante de envolvimento corneano
Contributors
Authors
Sezen Karakus, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Associate Director
The Jerome L. Greene Sjögren’s Disease Center
Wilmer Eye Institute
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
SK declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Professor Elaine Wu would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Esen Akpek, a previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
EA declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Gus Gazzard, MA, MBBChir, MD, FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
King's College Hospital
Honorary Research Fellow
Institute of Ophthalmology
London
UK
Disclosures
GG declares that he has no competing interests.
Leejee H. Suh, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
Miami
FL
Disclosures
LS declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Lin A, Ahmad S, Amescua G, et al. Blepharitis preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2024 Apr;131(4):P50-86.Full text
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Cornea/external disease summary benchmarks - 2024. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Síndrome do olho seco
- Calázio
- Carcinoma de células escamosas
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Blepharitis preferred practice pattern
- Cornea/external disease summary benchmarks - 2024
More Guidelines
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