Avaliação da hiponatremia

Last reviewed: 20 Aug 2025
Last updated: 29 Nov 2024

Summary

Differentials

Common

  • Reposição hipotônica do excesso de perda de fluidos
  • Induzida por medicamentos
  • Doença renal crônica
  • Lesão renal aguda
  • Insuficiência cardíaca congestiva
  • Cirrose
  • Hiperglicemia
  • Polidipsia psicogênica
  • Cirurgia intracraniana
  • Traumatismo cranioencefálico
  • Câncer de pulmão de células pequenas (CPCP)
  • Irrigação do campo operatório
  • Artefato no mieloma múltiplo
Full details

Uncommon

  • Potomania
  • Síndrome nefrótica
  • Nefropatia perdedora de sal
  • Deficiência de mineralocorticoides
  • Síndrome idiopática da secreção inapropriada do hormônio antidiurético (SIADH)
  • Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC)
  • Hemorragia subaracnoide
  • Meningite
  • Abscesso cerebral
  • Linfoma
  • Câncer cervical
  • Leucemia
  • Tumores do sistema nervoso central
  • Câncer de pâncreas
  • Pneumonia
  • Abscesso pulmonar
  • Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)
  • Fibrose cística
  • Ventilação por pressão positiva
  • Artefato na hipertrigliceridemia
Full details

Contributors

Authors

Ghania Masri, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine

University of Florida

College of Medicine Jacksonville

Jacksonville

FL

Disclosures

GM declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Judith Veis, MD

Section Director, Nephrology

Medstar Washington Hospital Center

Washington DC

Disclosures

JV declares that she has no competing interests.

Sean M. Bagshaw, FRCPC

Consultant Intensivist

Assistant Professor

University of Alberta Hospital

Alberta

Canada

Disclosures

SMB declares that he has no competing interests.

Laurie Solomon, MD FRCP

Consultant Nephrologist

Renal Unit

Lancashire Teaching Hospitals

Fulwood

Preston

UK

Disclosures

LS declares that he has no competing interests.

James W. Lohr, MD

Professor of Medicine

Veterans Hospital

Buffalo

NY

Disclosures

JWL declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, et al; Hyponatraemia Guideline Development Group. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Feb 25;170(3):G1-47.Full text  Abstract

Grant P, Ayuk J, Bouloux PM, et al. The diagnosis and management of inpatient hyponatraemia and SIADH. Eur J Clin Invest. 2015 Aug;45(8):888-94.Full text  Abstract

Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med. 2013 Oct;126(10 suppl 1):S1-42.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Avaliação da hiponatremia images
  • Guidelines

    • Approach to hyponatremia according to the clinical setting
    • Emergency management of severe symptomatic hyponatraemia in adult patients
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Hiponatremia (sódio sérico baixo)

    More Patient information
  • Calculators

    Estimador de osmolalidade (sérica)

    Calculadora do Gap Osmolar (unidade SI)

    More Calculators
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