Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- assintomático
- febre
- tosse
- erupção cutânea
Other diagnostic factors
- cefaleia
- fadiga
- dor torácica pleurítica
- dispneia
- mialgia ou artralgia
- perda de peso
- sudorese noturna
- calafrios
- estertores, roncos, sibilos ou atrito
- sopro tubário
- hemoptise
- piopneumotórax
- linfadenopatia
- estado mental ou exame neurológico anormal
Risk factors
- imunossupressão, especialmente supressão da imunidade celular
- ocupação envolvendo escavação ou construção
- atividades recreativas que aumentem a probabilidade de inalação de poeira
- extremidades etárias
- sexo masculino
- residente ou visitante de áreas endêmicas
- ascendência afro-americana ou filipina
- grupo sanguíneo B
- gestação
- grupos do antígeno leucocitário humano (HLA)
- diabetes mellitus
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- cultura de escarro
- sorologia do ensaio imunoenzimático para coccidioidomicose
- sorologia de imunodifusão para coccidioidomicose
- sorologia de fixação de complemento para coccidioidomicose
- Hemograma completo
- radiografia torácica
Investigations to consider
- teste de antígeno
- reação em cadeia da polimerase
- biópsia pulmonar
- punção lombar
- velocidade de hemossedimentação
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) do tórax
- cintilografia óssea
- RNM
Emerging tests
- ensaio de fluxo lateral (LFA)
Treatment algorithm
pneumonia coccidioidal leve (não gestante)
pneumonia coccidioidal grave ou difusa (não gestante)
nódulo pulmonar (não gestante)
cavidade pulmonar assintomática (não gestante)
cavidade pulmonar sintomática (não gestante)
coccidioidomicose fibrocavitária crônica progressiva (não gestante)
coccidioidomicose cutânea e dos tecidos moles (não gestante)
coccidioidomicose óssea (não gestante)
meningite coccidioidal (não gestante)
gestante
Contributors
Authors
Janis E. Blair, MD
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences
Rochester
MN
Division of Infectious Diseases
Mayo Clinic
Phoenix
AZ
Disclosures
JEB declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Susan Hoover, MD
Infectious Diseases Clinic
Sanford Health Sioux Falls
SD
Disclosures
SH declares that she has no competing interests.
Astrid Mayr, MD
Professor of Medicine
Department of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology
Medical University Innsbruck
Innsbruck
Austria
Disclosures
AM declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Thompson GR 3rd, Le T, Chindamporn A, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of the endemic mycoses: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Dec;21(12):e364-74. Abstract
Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, et al. 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 15;63(6):e112-46. Abstract
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections and diseases - coccidioidomycosis/valley fever. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text
National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Coccidioidomycosis. 2021 [internet publication].Full text
Hage CA, Carmona EM, Epelbaum O, et al. Microbiological laboratory testing in the diagnosis of fungal infections in pulmonary and critical care practice. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Sep 1;200(5):535-50.Full text Abstract
Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al; American Thoracic Society Fungal Working Group. An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan 1;183(1):96-128.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Tuberculose
- Infecções pulmonares micobacterianas não tuberculosas
- Pneumonia adquirida na comunidade
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Clinical testing guidance for coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
- CDC Yellow Book: health information for international travel - coccidioidomycosis/valley fever
More Guidelines
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