Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- presença de fatores de risco
- obscurecimento ou distorção da visão de início súbito
- drusas
- alterações pigmentares maculares
- atrofia geográfica
- neovascularização da coroide
Other diagnostic factors
- perda progressiva da visão em um ou ambos os olhos
- descolamento do epitélio pigmentar fibrovascular (DMRI neovascular)
- formação de cicatriz fibrovascular
- pseudodrusa reticular
Risk factors
- idade mais avançada
- tabagismo
- história familiar da doença
- cirurgia de catarata prévia
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- grelha de Amsler
- tomografia de coerência óptica
- angiotomografia de coerência óptica
Tests to consider
- angiografia fluoresceínica
- angiografia com indocianina verde
- imagem por autofluorescência
Emerging tests
- genotipagem
Treatment algorithm
estágio inicial (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 1 e 2)
estágio intermediário (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 3)
estágio atrófico avançado (seco) (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 4)
estágio exsudativo avançado (úmido) (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 4)
Contributors
Authors
Sajjad Mahmood, MA, MB BCHIR, FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmologist and Medical Retina Specialist
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
Division of Pharmacy and Optometry
Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health
University of Manchester
Manchester
UK
Disclosures
SM has consulted on advisory boards for Bayer, Novartis and Roche. He has been a principal investigator on clinical trials conducted by Bayer, Novartis, and Roche. He has received travel grants from Bayer and Novartis.
Agradecimientos
Mr Sajjad Mahmood would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Leon Charkoudian, Dr Joshua L. Dunaief, and Professor Paul Bishop, the previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
LC and JLD declare that they have no competing interests. PB has undertaken research activities and received research grants (from charities and the Medical Research Council) that relate to basic mechanisms underpinning age-related macular degeneration. He is an inventor on a patent for a new treatment for age-related macular degeneration filed by the University of Manchester. He does not believe that any of these activities are competing interests with respect to the content of the topic.
Revisores por pares
Sharon Fekrat, MD
Associate Professor
Vitreoretinal Surgery
Duke University Eye Center
Durham
NC
Divulgaciones
SF declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referencias
Artículos principales
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: age-related macular degeneration. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Age-related macular degeneration. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36.Texto completo Resumen
Chew EY, Sangiovanni JP, Ferris FL, et al; Age-related eye disease study 2 (AREDS2) research group. Lutein/zeaxanthin for the treatment of age-related cataract: AREDS2 randomized trial report No. 4. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Jul;131(7):843-50. Resumen
Artículos de referencia
Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
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