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Degeneração macular relacionada à idade

最后审阅: 13 Feb 2025
最后更新: 29 May 2024

小结

Definition

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • obscurecimento ou distorção da visão de início súbito
  • drusas
  • alterações pigmentares maculares
  • atrofia geográfica
  • neovascularização da coroide
完整详情

其他诊断因素

  • perda progressiva da visão em um ou ambos os olhos
  • descolamento do epitélio pigmentar fibrovascular (DMRI neovascular)
  • formação de cicatriz fibrovascular
  • pseudodrusa reticular
完整详情

危险因素

  • idade mais avançada
  • tabagismo
  • história familiar da doença
  • cirurgia de catarata prévia
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • grelha de Amsler
  • tomografia de coerência óptica
  • angiotomografia de coerência óptica
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • angiografia fluoresceínica
  • angiografia com indocianina verde
  • imagem por autofluorescência
完整详情

新兴检查

  • genotipagem

治疗流程

急症处理

estágio inicial (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 1 e 2)

estágio intermediário (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 3)

estágio atrófico avançado (seco) (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 4)

estágio exsudativo avançado (úmido) (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 4)

撰稿人

作者

Sajjad Mahmood, MA, MB BCHIR, FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmologist and Medical Retina Specialist

Honorary Clinical Lecturer

Division of Pharmacy and Optometry

Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

利益声明

SM has consulted on advisory boards for Bayer, Novartis and Roche. He has been a principal investigator on clinical trials conducted by Bayer, Novartis, and Roche. He has received travel grants from Bayer and Novartis.

鸣谢

Mr Sajjad Mahmood would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Leon Charkoudian, Dr Joshua L. Dunaief, and Professor Paul Bishop, the previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

LC and JLD declare that they have no competing interests. PB has undertaken research activities and received research grants (from charities and the Medical Research Council) that relate to basic mechanisms underpinning age-related macular degeneration. He is an inventor on a patent for a new treatment for age-related macular degeneration filed by the University of Manchester. He does not believe that any of these activities are competing interests with respect to the content of the topic.

同行评议者

Sharon Fekrat, MD

Associate Professor

Vitreoretinal Surgery

Duke University Eye Center

Durham

NC

Declarações

SF declares that she has no competing interests.

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