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Degeneração macular relacionada à idade

Last reviewed: 16 Aug 2025
Last updated: 29 May 2024

Summary

Definition

Анамнез и осмотр

Ключевые диагностические факторы

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • obscurecimento ou distorção da visão de início súbito
  • drusas
  • alterações pigmentares maculares
  • atrofia geográfica
  • neovascularização da coroide
Полная информация

Другие диагностические факторы

  • perda progressiva da visão em um ou ambos os olhos
  • descolamento do epitélio pigmentar fibrovascular (DMRI neovascular)
  • formação de cicatriz fibrovascular
  • pseudodrusa reticular
Полная информация

Факторы риска

  • idade mais avançada
  • tabagismo
  • história familiar da doença
  • cirurgia de catarata prévia
Полная информация

Диагностические исследования

Исследования, которые показаны в первую очередь

  • grelha de Amsler
  • tomografia de coerência óptica
  • angiotomografia de coerência óptica
Полная информация

Исследования, проведение которых нужно рассмотреть

  • angiografia fluoresceínica
  • angiografia com indocianina verde
  • imagem por autofluorescência
Полная информация

Неотложные исследования

  • genotipagem

Алгоритм лечения

Острый

estágio inicial (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 1 e 2)

estágio intermediário (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 3)

estágio atrófico avançado (seco) (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 4)

estágio exsudativo avançado (úmido) (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 4)

Составители

Авторы

Sajjad Mahmood, MA, MB BCHIR, FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmologist and Medical Retina Specialist

Honorary Clinical Lecturer

Division of Pharmacy and Optometry

Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

Раскрытие информации

SM has consulted on advisory boards for Bayer, Novartis and Roche. He has been a principal investigator on clinical trials conducted by Bayer, Novartis, and Roche. He has received travel grants from Bayer and Novartis.

Выражение благодарностей

Mr Sajjad Mahmood would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Leon Charkoudian, Dr Joshua L. Dunaief, and Professor Paul Bishop, the previous contributors to this topic.

Раскрытие информации

LC and JLD declare that they have no competing interests. PB has undertaken research activities and received research grants (from charities and the Medical Research Council) that relate to basic mechanisms underpinning age-related macular degeneration. He is an inventor on a patent for a new treatment for age-related macular degeneration filed by the University of Manchester. He does not believe that any of these activities are competing interests with respect to the content of the topic.

Рецензенты

Sharon Fekrat, MD

Associate Professor

Vitreoretinal Surgery

Duke University Eye Center

Durham

NC

Раскрытие информации

SF declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Список литературы

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Основные статьи

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: age-related macular degeneration. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Полный текст

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Age-related macular degeneration. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Полный текст

Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36.Полный текст  Аннотация

Chew EY, Sangiovanni JP, Ferris FL, et al; Age-related eye disease study 2 (AREDS2) research group. Lutein/zeaxanthin for the treatment of age-related cataract: AREDS2 randomized trial report No. 4. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Jul;131(7):843-50. Аннотация

Статьи, указанные как источники

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