When viewing this topic in a different language, you may notice some differences in the way the content is structured, but it still reflects the latest evidence-based guidance.

Degeneração macular relacionada à idade

Last reviewed: 14 Aug 2025
Last updated: 29 May 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • obscurecimento ou distorção da visão de início súbito
  • drusas
  • alterações pigmentares maculares
  • atrofia geográfica
  • neovascularização da coroide
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • perda progressiva da visão em um ou ambos os olhos
  • descolamento do epitélio pigmentar fibrovascular (DMRI neovascular)
  • formação de cicatriz fibrovascular
  • pseudodrusa reticular
Full details

Risk factors

  • idade mais avançada
  • tabagismo
  • história familiar da doença
  • cirurgia de catarata prévia
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • grelha de Amsler
  • tomografia de coerência óptica
  • angiotomografia de coerência óptica
Full details

Tests to consider

  • angiografia fluoresceínica
  • angiografia com indocianina verde
  • imagem por autofluorescência
Full details

Emerging tests

  • genotipagem

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

estágio inicial (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 1 e 2)

estágio intermediário (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 3)

estágio atrófico avançado (seco) (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 4)

estágio exsudativo avançado (úmido) (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Group [AREDS] 4)

Contributors

Authors

Sajjad Mahmood, MA, MB BCHIR, FRCOphth

Consultant Ophthalmologist and Medical Retina Specialist

Honorary Clinical Lecturer

Division of Pharmacy and Optometry

Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health

University of Manchester

Manchester

UK

Disclosures

SM has consulted on advisory boards for Bayer, Novartis and Roche. He has been a principal investigator on clinical trials conducted by Bayer, Novartis, and Roche. He has received travel grants from Bayer and Novartis.

Agradecimientos

Mr Sajjad Mahmood would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Leon Charkoudian, Dr Joshua L. Dunaief, and Professor Paul Bishop, the previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

LC and JLD declare that they have no competing interests. PB has undertaken research activities and received research grants (from charities and the Medical Research Council) that relate to basic mechanisms underpinning age-related macular degeneration. He is an inventor on a patent for a new treatment for age-related macular degeneration filed by the University of Manchester. He does not believe that any of these activities are competing interests with respect to the content of the topic.

Revisores por pares

Sharon Fekrat, MD

Associate Professor

Vitreoretinal Surgery

Duke University Eye Center

Durham

NC

Divulgaciones

SF declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: age-related macular degeneration. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Texto completo

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Age-related macular degeneration. Jan 2018 [internet publication].Texto completo

Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36.Texto completo  Resumen

Chew EY, Sangiovanni JP, Ferris FL, et al; Age-related eye disease study 2 (AREDS2) research group. Lutein/zeaxanthin for the treatment of age-related cataract: AREDS2 randomized trial report No. 4. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013 Jul;131(7):843-50. Resumen

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
  • Degeneração macular relacionada à idade images
  • Diferenciales

    • Vasculopatia polipoidal idiopática da coroide
    • Drusas laminares basais
    • Degeneração míope
    Más Diferenciales
  • Guías de práctica clínica

    • Retina summary benchmarks - 2023
    • Vision rehabilitation preferred practice attern
    Más Guías de práctica clínica
  • Folletos para el paciente

    Degeneração macular

    Más Folletos para el paciente
  • padlock-lockedInicie sesión o suscríbase para acceder a todo el BMJ Best Practice

El uso de este contenido está sujeto a nuestra cláusula de exención de responsabilidad