Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- uso de bebidas alcoólicas
- alteração do estado mental
- alucinações
- convulsões
- delírios
- hipertensão ou hipotensão
- febre ou hipotermia
- hiperglicemia ou hipoglicemia
- características de instabilidade clínica
Other diagnostic factors
- tremor
- náuseas e vômitos
- anorexia
- ansiedade/agitação
- Instabilidade emocional
- insônia
- irritabilidade
- diaforese
- cefaleia
- tremor fino
- agitação
- taquicardia
Risk factors
- história de síndrome da abstinência alcoólica (SAA) e delirium por abstinência alcoólica
- abstinência abrupta de álcool
Diagnostic investigations
1st investigations to order
- ureia e creatinina séricas
- TFHs
- concentração de etanol
- painel de eletrólitos
- Hemograma completo
Investigations to consider
- tomografia computadorizada (TC) do crânio
- radiografia torácica
- eletroencefalograma (EEG)
- rastreamento de vírus transmitidos pelo sangue
Treatment algorithm
todos os pacientes
Contributors
Authors
Hong K. Kim, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore
MD
Disclosures
HKK declares that he has no competing interests.
Nicholas J. Connors, MD
Program Director
HCA Healthcare/Mercer University/Trident Medical Center
Emergency Medicine Residency Program
Charleston
SC
Disclosures
NJC declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Kinjal Sethuraman, MD, MPH
Associate Director
International Emergency Medicine
Long Island Jewish Hospital
New York
NY
Disclosures
KS declares that he has no competing interests.
Paul S. Haber, MD
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Discipline of Medicine
The University of Sydney
Sydney
Australia
Disclosures
PSH is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Bayard M, McIntyre J, Hill KR, et al. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Mar 15;69(6):1443-50.Full text Abstract
American Society of Addiction Medicine. The ASAM clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management. J Addict Med. 2020 May/Jun;14(3s suppl 1):1-72.Full text Abstract
Bråthen G, Ben-Menachem E, Brodtkorb E, et al. Chapter 29: alcohol-related seizures. EFNS guidelines of alcohol-related seizures. In: Gilhus NE, Barnes MP, Brainin M, eds. European handbook of neurological management. 2nd ed, v1. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2011:429-36.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Text revision. (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Toxicidade por simpatomiméticos
- Encefalite
- Meningite
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- Detainees with substance use disorders in police custody: guidelines for clinical management
- The ASAM clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management
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Abstinência alcoólica
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Questionário AUDIT para rastreamento do consumo de álcool
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