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Doença renal diabética

Última revisão: 17 Jul 2025
Última atualização: 15 Jan 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • hipertensão
  • sinais de retinopatia
  • edema
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • visão prejudicada
  • dormência nos membros inferiores
  • dor nos membros inferiores
  • sintomas constitucionais (doença avançada)
  • alterações nos pés
  • hipotensão ortostática
  • alterações cutâneas
  • atrofia muscular
  • palidez (à medida que a taxa de filtração glomerular diminui)
  • tendência a sangramento (doença avançada)
  • respirações de Kussmaul (doença avançada)
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • hiperglicemia sustentada
  • hipertensão
  • história familiar de hipertensão e/ou doença renal
  • obesidade
  • tabagismo
  • sedentarismo
  • dislipidemia
  • ingestão elevada de sódio, gordura e proteína
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • urinálise
  • relação albumina:creatinina urinária (ACR)
  • creatinina sérica com taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) estimada
  • ultrassonografia renal
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • cistatina C com estimativa da TFG
  • taxa de excreção da albumina
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) abdominal
  • angiografia por ressonância magnética (ARM)
  • ultrassonografia com Doppler
  • biópsia renal
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

CONTÍNUA

diabetes do tipo 1 com nefropatia: sem diálise

diabetes do tipo 2 com nefropatia: sem diálise

em diálise peritoneal ou hemodiálise

Colaboradores

Autores

David J. Leehey, MD, FACP
David J. Leehey

Professor of Medicine

Division of Nephrology

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood

IL

Declarações

DJL declares that he has no competing interests. DJL is an author of references cited in this topic.

Irfan Moinuddin, MD
Irfan Moinuddin

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

Springfield

IL

Disclosures

IM declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Rajiv Agarwal, MD

Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine

Division of Nephrology

Indiana University School of Medicine

Indianapolis

IN

Disclosures

RA declares that he has no competing interests.

Merlin C. Thomas, PhD

Associate Professor

Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute

Melbourne

Australia

Disclosures

MCT has received honoraria for speaking and educational sessions conducted by Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Boehringer-Ingleheim, Abbott, Amgen, and Jansen-Cilag.

Damian Fogarty, BSc, MD, FRCP

Consultant/Senior Lecturer in Renal Medicine

Belfast City Hospital and Queen's University Belfast

Belfast City Hospital

Belfast

Northern Ireland

UK

Disclosures

DF has no share options, research support, or employment with pharmaceutical companies. He has received one-time speaking fees to cover his time preparing educational talks in the broad areas of diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease, promoting early recognition and evidence-based or best practice management.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan;47(suppl 1):S1-321.Full text

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2022 clinical practice guideline for diabetes management in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2022 Nov;102(5s):S1-127.Full text  Abstract

de Boer IH, Khunti K, Sadusky T, et al. Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Diabetes Care. 2022 Dec 1;45(12):3075-90.Full text  Abstract

Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022 Nov 1;45(11):2753-86.Full text  Abstract

Lo C, Toyama T, Wang Y, et al. Insulin and glucose-lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 24;(9):CD011798.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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  • Guidelines

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  • Patient information

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