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Infecção por gonorreia

Last reviewed: 15 Nov 2025
Last updated: 02 May 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • secreção uretral em homens
  • sensibilidade e/ou inchaço do epidídimo
  • exsudato mucopurulento ou purulento na endocérvix
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • dor pélvica em mulheres
  • irritação uretral em homens
  • disúria em homens
  • sensibilidade e/ou inchaço dos testículos
  • sensibilidade e/ou inchaço da próstata
  • prurido anal
  • secreção mucopurulenta do reto
  • dor no reto
  • tenesmo
  • sangramento retal
  • corrimento vaginal
  • friabilidade cervical
  • sensibilidade uterina, anexial ou dor à mobilização do colo
  • massa uterina
  • linfadenopatia cervical anterior
  • conjuntivite
  • febre
  • lesões cutâneas (pápulas, bolhas, petéquias ou necróticas) nos membros
  • poliartrite
  • erupção cutânea púrpura
  • sinal de Brudzinski e sinal de Kernig positivo
  • convulsões
  • sinais cerebrais focais
  • sopros
  • oftalmia neonatal
  • rinite
  • uretrite (infantil)
  • vaginite
Full details

Risk factors

  • idade de 20 a 24 anos
  • homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH)
  • ascendência negra
  • histórico atual ou anterior de IST
  • vários parceiros sexuais recentes
  • uso inconsistente de preservativo
  • fatores de risco do parceiro
  • história de abuso sexual ou físico
  • uso de substâncias
  • passagem pela prisão
  • comunidade com alta morbidade
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • teste de amplificação de ácido nucleico (NAAT)
  • cultura
  • urinálise em homens
  • coloração de Gram no sedimento urinário
  • coloração de Gram da secreção uretral
  • teste de HIV
  • Teste de sífilis
Full details

Tests to consider

  • ultrassonografia transvaginal
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) ou ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) pélvica
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

não gestante >45 kg: infecção urogenital/anorretal não complicada ou infecção faríngea (excluindo a infecção geniturinária complicada)

não gestante >45 kg: infecção geniturinária complicada

não gestante >45 kg: infecção gonocócica disseminada

gestante: infecção urogenital/anorretal não complicada ou infecção faríngea (excluindo a infecção geniturinária complicada)

gestante: infecção complicada

neonato

criança ≤45 kg

ONGOING

recorrente/resistente: infecção urogenital/anorretal ou faringite

Contributors

Authors

Sheldon Morris, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor

Division of Infectious Diseases

Department of Medicine

UCSD Antiviral Research Center

Division of Family Medicine

Department of Family and Preventive Medicine

UCSD La Jolla Family and Sports Medicine

San Diego

CA

Disclosures

SM has received research funding via his institution from Merck, Gilead Sciences, National Institutes of Health, California HIV/AIDS Research Program, and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. He has completed a National Institutes of Health contract for research study on the Visby Medical Sexual Health Test. He holds stock in Bristol Myers Squibb and Pfizer. He is a co-founder of Aspera Biomedicines and a consultant for Primmune Therapeutics. SM is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

Peer reviewers

Vani Dandolu, MD, MPH

Associate Professor

Ob/Gyn and Urology

Director

Division of Urogynecology

Associate Residency Program Director

Temple University Hospital

Philadelphia

PA

Disclosures

VD declares that he has no competing interests.

Eva Jungmann, FRCP MSc

Consultant in Genitourinary and HIV Medicine

Archway Centre & Mortimer Market Centre

London

UK

利益声明

EJ declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 2016 [internet publication].全文

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gonococcal isolate surveillance project (GISP). 30 August 2021 [internet publication].全文

Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187.全文  摘要

Miller WC, Ford CA, Morris M, et al. Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among young adults in the United States. JAMA. 2004 May 12;291(18):2229-36.全文  摘要

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae - 2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014 Mar 14;63(RR-02):1-19.全文  摘要

Fifer H, Saunders J, Soni S, et al. 2018 UK national guideline for the management of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Int J STD AIDS. 2020 Jan;31(1):4-15.全文  摘要

US Preventive Services Task Force; Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Sep 14;326(10):949-56.全文  摘要

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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