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Pneumotórax

Last reviewed: 17 Aug 2025
Last updated: 01 May 2024

Summary

定义

病史和体格检查

关键诊断因素

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • dor torácica
  • dispneia
  • hemitórax ipsilateral hiperexpandido
  • hemitórax ipsilateral com hiper-ressonância
  • murmúrios vesiculares ipsilaterais ausentes ou diminuídos
  • dispneia extrema
  • traqueia desviada para o lado contralateral
完整详情

危险因素

  • tabagismo
  • história familiar de pneumotórax
  • estrutura corporal alta e magra
  • idade <40 anos
  • procedimento médico invasivo recente
  • trauma torácico
  • asma aguda grave
  • doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)
  • tuberculose
  • infecção por Pneumocystis jirovecii relacionada à síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS)
  • fibrose cística
  • linfangioleiomiomatose
  • Síndrome de Marfan
  • homocistinúria
  • câncer de pulmão primário e câncer metastático nos pulmões
  • síndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dube
  • histiocitose pulmonar das células de Langerhans
  • doença de Erdheim-Chester
完整详情

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • radiografia torácica
  • ultrassonografia do tórax
完整详情

需考虑的检查

  • tomografia computadorizada (TC) do tórax
  • broncoscopia
完整详情

治疗流程

初步治疗

pneumotórax hipertensivo

急症处理

pneumotórax espontâneo primário E paciente ≤ 50 anos de idade

pneumotórax espontâneo primário OU paciente > 50 anos de idade

pneumotórax traumático

pneumotórax ex-vacuo

pneumotórax catamenial

撰稿人

作者

Christopher Kapp, MD

Assistant Professor of Medicine, Interventional Pulmonologist

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Section of Interventional Pulmonary

Northwestern Memorial Hospital

Chicago

IL

利益声明

CK declares that he has no competing interests.

鸣谢

Dr Christopher Kapp would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Lonny Yarmus, Dr Jason Akulian, Dr Ryland P. Byrd Jr, Dr Thomas M. Roy, and Dr Anita Alwani, previous contributors to this topic.

利益声明

LY, JA, RPB, TMR, and AA declare that they have no competing interests.

同行评议者

Marc Noppen, MD

Professor and Chief Executive Officer of Respiratory Division

Interventional Endoscopy Clinic

University Hospital Brussels

Brussels

Belgium

利益声明

MN declares that he has no competing interests.

Steve A. Sahn, MD

Professor of Medicine

Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston

SC

利益声明

SAS declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

参考文献

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

关键文献

British Thoracic Society. Guidelines: pleural disease​. Jul 2023 [internet publication].全文

British Thoracic Society. Clinical statements:​ pleural procedures. Jul 2023 [internet publication].全文

参考文献

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Pneumotórax images
  • 鉴别诊断

    • Exacerbação aguda da asma
    • Exacerbação aguda da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)
    • Embolia pulmonar
    更多 鉴别诊断
  • 指南

    • BTS Guidelines on Pleural Disease
    • ACR appropriateness criteria: intensive care unit patients
    更多 指南
  • 患者教育信息

    Pneumotórax

    Inserção de dreno torácico

    更多 患者教育信息
  • Videos

    Descompressão por agulha de um pneumotórax hipertensivo – Vídeo de demonstração

    Inserção de dreno intercostal, técnica de Seldinger: vídeo de demonstração

    更多 操作视频
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