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Catarata

Última revisión: 17 Aug 2025
Última actualización: 22 Nov 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • redução subjetiva da visão
  • visão turva ou embaçada
  • ofuscamento
  • visão de cores desbotadas
  • acuidade visual reduzida
  • reflexo vermelho embotado
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • prescrição inadequada de óculos de grau
  • interrupção das atividades da vida diária
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • idade >60 anos
  • sexo feminino
  • tabagismo
  • exposição à ultravioleta (UV) em longo prazo
  • diabetes mellitus
  • trauma ocular
  • uso de corticosteroides em longo prazo
  • história familiar de catarata congênita ou influências congênitas (por exemplo, toxinas)
  • uveíte
  • miopia
  • outras afecções metabólicas ou hereditárias
  • exposição a radiação ionizante
  • índice de massa corporal (IMC) alto
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • exame do fundo do olho com dilatação
  • medição da pressão intraocular
  • exame de ofuscamento da visão
  • exame da câmara anterior com lâmpada de fenda
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • avaliação do melhor potencial visual
  • ultrassonografia modo B
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Agudo

catarata sem patologia ocular concomitante

catarata com patologia ocular concomitante

En curso

opacificação pós-cirúrgica da cápsula posterior + comprometimento visual significativo

Colaboradores

Autores

Robert T. Chang, MD

Associate Professor of Ophthalmology

Byers Eye Institute

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford

CA

Divulgaciones

RTC declares that he is an ad hoc consulting advisory for Alcon, which makes cataract equipment.

Agradecimientos

Dr Robert T. Chang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Creig Hoyt, Dr Leela V. Raju, and Dr M. Bowes Hamill, previous contributors to this topic.

Divulgaciones

CH, LVR, and MBH declare that they have no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Michael P. Ehrenhaus, MD

Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology

Cornea External Disease and Refractive Surgery Local Director

Long Island College Hospital Eye Center

Brooklyn

NY

Disclosures

MPE declares that he has no competing interests.

Parwez Hossain, PhD, FRC Ophth, FRCS(Ed)

Associate Professor/Consultant in Ophthalmology

University of Southampton

Southampton

UK

Disclosures

PH declares that he has no competing interests.

Bob Avery, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Ophthalmology

University of New Mexico Medical School

Albuquerque

NM

Disclosures

BA declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: cataract in the adult eye. Nov 2021 [internet publication].Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Cataracts in adults: management. Oct 2017 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Catarata images
  • Differentials

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    • Olho seco
    • Glaucoma
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  • Guidelines

    • Cataract/anterior segment summary benchmark - 2023
    • Vision rehabilitation: preferred practice pattern
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Catarata: perguntas a fazer ao seu médico

    Catarata: devo fazer cirurgia?

    More Patient information
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