Resumen
Definición
Anamnesis y examen
Principales factores de diagnóstico
- presença de fatores de risco
- redução subjetiva da visão
- visão turva ou embaçada
- ofuscamento
- visão de cores desbotadas
- acuidade visual reduzida
- reflexo vermelho embotado
Otros factores de diagnóstico
- prescrição inadequada de óculos de grau
- interrupção das atividades da vida diária
Factores de riesgo
- idade >60 anos
- sexo feminino
- tabagismo
- exposição à ultravioleta (UV) em longo prazo
- diabetes mellitus
- trauma ocular
- uso de corticosteroides em longo prazo
- história familiar de catarata congênita ou influências congênitas (por exemplo, toxinas)
- uveíte
- miopia
- outras afecções metabólicas ou hereditárias
- exposição a radiação ionizante
- índice de massa corporal (IMC) alto
Pruebas diagnósticas
Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar
- exame do fundo do olho com dilatação
- medição da pressão intraocular
- exame de ofuscamento da visão
- exame da câmara anterior com lâmpada de fenda
Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse
- avaliação do melhor potencial visual
- ultrassonografia modo B
Algoritmo de tratamiento
catarata sem patologia ocular concomitante
catarata com patologia ocular concomitante
opacificação pós-cirúrgica da cápsula posterior + comprometimento visual significativo
Colaboradores
Autores
Robert T. Chang, MD
Associate Professor of Ophthalmology
Byers Eye Institute
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford
CA
Divulgaciones
RTC declares that he is an ad hoc consulting advisory for Alcon, which makes cataract equipment.
Agradecimientos
Dr Robert T. Chang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Creig Hoyt, Dr Leela V. Raju, and Dr M. Bowes Hamill, previous contributors to this topic.
Divulgaciones
CH, LVR, and MBH declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores por pares
Michael P. Ehrenhaus, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology
Cornea External Disease and Refractive Surgery Local Director
Long Island College Hospital Eye Center
Brooklyn
NY
Disclosures
MPE declares that he has no competing interests.
Parwez Hossain, PhD, FRC Ophth, FRCS(Ed)
Associate Professor/Consultant in Ophthalmology
University of Southampton
Southampton
UK
Disclosures
PH declares that he has no competing interests.
Bob Avery, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor
Ophthalmology
University of New Mexico Medical School
Albuquerque
NM
Disclosures
BA declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: cataract in the adult eye. Nov 2021 [internet publication].Full text
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Cataracts in adults: management. Oct 2017 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Erro refrativo
- Olho seco
- Glaucoma
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Cataract/anterior segment summary benchmark - 2023
- Vision rehabilitation: preferred practice pattern
More GuidelinesPatient information
Catarata: perguntas a fazer ao seu médico
Catarata: devo fazer cirurgia?
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