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Síndrome antifosfolipídica

Última revisão: 25 Nov 2025
Última atualização: 14 Oct 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • história ou diagnóstico atual de trombose vascular
  • história de perda gestacional
  • história de morbidade associada à gestação
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • história de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico
  • características da trombocitopenia
  • artralgia/artrite
  • livedo reticular
  • história de outros distúrbios reumatológicos ou doenças do tecido conjuntivo
  • sopro cardíaco
  • edema
  • convulsão, cefaleia, perda de memória, sinais de mielopatia transversa
  • desconforto nos membros, edema, descoloração da pele e úlceras
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • história de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico
  • história de outros distúrbios reumatológicos autoimunes
  • história de outras doenças autoimunes
  • história de distúrbios hematológicos autoimunes
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • anticoagulante lúpico
  • anticorpos anticardiolipina
  • anticorpos anti-beta 2-glicoproteína I
  • fator antinuclear, anticorpos para o ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA) de fita dupla e para o antígeno nuclear extraível
  • Hemograma completo
  • creatinina e ureia
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • ultrassonografia Doppler venosa
  • venografia ou ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM)
  • RNM da trombose
  • angiotomografia do tórax
  • cintilografia de ventilação/perfusão (V/Q)
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) de crânio
  • ecocardiografia
  • exame de trombofilia hereditária
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

não gestante com trombose aguda

gestante

síndrome antifosfolipídica (SAF) catastrófica (gestante ou não gestante)

CONTÍNUA

anticorpos antifosfolipídeos incidentais

Colaboradores

Autores

Damon Houghton, MD, MS

Associate Professor of Medicine

Mayo Clinic

Gonda Vascular Center

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Division of Vascular Medicine

Rochester

MN

Declarações

DH has received clinical research support from Veralox and Bayer.

Ana I. Casanegra, MD, MS

Associate Professor of Medicine

Mayo Clinic

Gonda Vascular Center

Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Division of Vascular Medicine

Rochester

MN

Declarações

AC declares that she has no competing interests.

Alí Duarte-García, MD, MSc

Assistant Professor of Medicine

Mayo Clinic

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology

Rochester

MN

Declarações

AD declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Damon Houghton, Dr Ana I. Casanegra and Dr Alí Duarte-García would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Karen A. Breen and Dr Beverley J. Hunt, the previous contributors to this topic. KAB has performed consultancy work for Bayer/Pfizer. BJH is Medical Director of Thrombosis UK and chair of the steering committee for World Thrombosis Day. BJH is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Revisores

Kuntal Chakravarty, FRCP (London), FRCP (Glasgow), FRCP (Ireland), FACP (USA), FACR (USA)

Consultant Rheumatologist

BHRT University Hospital

Queen’s Hospital

Romford

UK

Disclosures

KC declares that he has no competing interests.

Alan Lichtin, MD

Staff Hematologist

Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center

Cleveland

OH

Disclosures

AL declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost. 2006 Feb;4(2):295-306.Full text  Abstract

Barbhaiya M, Zuily S, Naden R, et al. 2023 ACR/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Oct;82(10):1258-70.Full text  Abstract

Tektonidou MG, Andreoli L, Limper M, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Oct;78(10):1296-304.Full text  Abstract

Sammaritano LR, Bermas BL, Chakravarty EE, et al. 2020 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the management of reproductive health in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Apr;72(4):529-56.Full text  Abstract

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 132: antiphospholipid syndrome. Dec 2012 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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    • 2020 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the management of reproductive health in rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease
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