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Tamponamento cardíaco

Last reviewed: 9 Jun 2025
Last updated: 02 Apr 2025

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • neoplasia maligna
  • presença de outros fatores de risco
  • dispneia
  • pressão venosa jugular (PVJ) elevada
  • sons cardíacos distantes
  • pulso paradoxal
  • hipotensão
  • taquicardia
  • cirurgia ou intervenção cardíaca recente
  • Tríade de Beck: hipotensão, sons cardíacos hipofonéticos e PVJ elevada
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • dor torácica
  • dor abdominal
  • febre
  • atrito pericárdico
Full details

Risk factors

  • neoplasia maligna
  • dissecção da aorta
  • pericardite purulenta
  • derrame pericárdico crônico extenso idiopático
  • pós-cirurgia ou intervenção cardíaca
  • tuberculose (TB)
  • doença autoimune
  • hipotireoidismo
  • insuficiência renal em estágio terminal
  • anticoagulação
Full details

Diagnostic investigations

1st investigations to order

  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
  • ecocardiografia transtorácica
  • radiografia torácica
  • Hemograma completo
  • velocidade de hemossedimentação/proteína C-reativa
  • enzimas cardíacas
Full details

Investigations to consider

  • TC cardíaca
  • ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cardíaca
  • cateterismo cardíaco
  • fluido de pericardiocentese para cultura e citologia
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

sem hemopericárdio, trauma ou derrame purulento

com hemopericárdio, trauma ou derrame purulento

Contributors

Authors

Antonio Abbate, MD, PhD

Ruth C. Heede Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine

Berne Cardiovascular Research Center

University of Virginia School of Medicine

Charlottesville

VA

Disclosures

AA has received consultant fees from Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals. He is an author of references cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Dr Antonio Abbate would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Vaikom S. Mahadevan, Dr Harsh Agrawal, Dr Jonathan Bella, Dr Liran Blum, and Dr Michael Spinelli, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

VSM declares that he is a proctor for Edwards Lifesciences for transcatheter valves and also a proctor for Abbott for closure devices. HA, JB, LB, and MS declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Ramon Castello, MD

Professor of Medicine

Director of Echocardiography

Mayo Clinic

Jacksonville

FL

Disclosures

RC declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Klein AL, Abbara S, Agler DA, et al. American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013 Sep;26(9):965-1012.Full text  Abstract

Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2015 Nov 7;36(42):2921-64.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Differentials

    • Pericardite constritiva
    • Cardiomiopatia restritiva
    • Choque cardiogênico
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • 2015 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases
    • Clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Insuficiência cardíaca: como posso me ajudar?

    Insuficiência cardíaca

    More Patient information
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