Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- tosse
- doença semelhante à gripe (influenza)
- conjuntivite
- dispneia
- febre
- estertores, roncos
- sibilo
- murmúrios vesiculares reduzidos
- taquipneia
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- dor abdominal, vômitos, diarreia
- estado mental alterado
- convulsões
Fatores de risco
- contato próximo com aves ou aves domésticas infectadas
- contato próximo com animais ou mamíferos infectados
- viagem recente a um país com surtos do vírus H5N1
- exposição ambiental ao vírus H5N1
- contato próximo com humanos infectados
- rotina laboratorial com o vírus H5N1
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- Hemograma completo com diferencial
- TFHs
- radiografia torácica
- oximetria de pulso
- coloração de Gram de expectoração
- cultura bacteriana do sangue e do escarro
- reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa em tempo real (rtRT-PCR)
Investigações a serem consideradas
- cultura viral
Algoritmo de tratamento
contato próximo de caso confirmado ou provável
infecção suspeitada ou provável ou confirmada
Colaboradores
Autores
Timothy M. Uyeki, MD, MPH, MPP
Chief Medical Officer
Influenza Division
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta
GA
Declarações
TMU declares that he is an unpaid member and clinical Chair of the World Health Organization Guidelines Developmental Group: Clinical Management of Influenza Guidelines 2023-2024.
Agradecimentos
Dr Timothy M. Uyeki would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Justin R. Ortiz, a previous contributor to this topic.
Declarações
JRO declares that he has no competing interests.
Revisores
Richard Martinello, MD
Professor
Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven
CT
Declarações
RM declares that he has no competing interests.
An De Sutter, MD, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care
Ghent University
Belgium
Disclosures
ADS declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Full text
World Health Organization. Clinical practice guidelines for influenza. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Avian influenza (bird flu): interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Avian influenza (bird flu): interim guidance for follow-up of close contacts of persons infected with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease or with potential to cause severe human disease, and use of antiviral medications for post-exposure prophylaxis. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19)
- Pneumonia adquirida na comunidade
- Pneumonia atípica
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations
More GuidelinesPatient information
Pneumonia
Gripe
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