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Infecção pelo vírus da influenza aviária A (H5N1)

Última revisão das evidências: 10 Mar 2026
Última atualização do tópico: 14 Oct 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • tosse
  • doença semelhante à gripe (influenza)
  • conjuntivite
  • dispneia
  • febre
  • estertores, roncos
  • sibilo
  • murmúrios vesiculares reduzidos
  • taquipneia
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • dor abdominal, vômitos, diarreia
  • estado mental alterado
  • convulsões
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • contato próximo com aves ou aves domésticas infectadas
  • contato próximo com animais ou mamíferos infectados
  • viagem recente a um país com surtos do vírus H5N1
  • exposição ambiental ao vírus H5N1
  • contato próximo com humanos infectados
  • rotina laboratorial com o vírus H5N1
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • Hemograma completo com diferencial
  • TFHs
  • radiografia torácica
  • oximetria de pulso
  • coloração de Gram de expectoração
  • cultura bacteriana do sangue e do escarro
  • reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa em tempo real (rtRT-PCR)
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • cultura viral
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

Inicial

contato próximo de caso confirmado ou provável

AGUDA

infecção suspeitada ou provável ou confirmada

Colaboradores

Autores

Timothy M. Uyeki, MD, MPH, MPP

Chief Medical Officer

Influenza Division

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Atlanta

GA

Declarações

TMU declares that he is an unpaid member and clinical Chair of the World Health Organization Guidelines Developmental Group: Clinical Management of Influenza Guidelines 2023-2024.

Agradecimentos

Dr Timothy M. Uyeki would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Justin R. Ortiz, a previous contributor to this topic.

Declarações

JRO declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores

Richard Martinello, MD

Professor

Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics

Yale School of Medicine

New Haven

CT

Declarações

RM declares that he has no competing interests.

An De Sutter, MD, PhD

Associate Professor

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

Ghent University

Belgium

Disclosures

ADS declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Full text

World Health Organization. Clinical practice guidelines for influenza. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Avian influenza (bird flu): interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Avian influenza (bird flu): interim guidance for follow-up of close contacts of persons infected with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease or with potential to cause severe human disease, and use of antiviral medications for post-exposure prophylaxis. Jul 2025 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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