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Infecção pelo vírus da influenza aviária A (H5N1)

Last reviewed: 20 Aug 2025
Last updated: 11 Feb 2025

Summary

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • tosse
  • doença semelhante à gripe (influenza)
  • conjuntivite
  • dispneia
  • febre
  • estertores, roncos
  • sibilo
  • murmúrios vesiculares reduzidos
  • taquipneia
Todos los datos

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • dor abdominal, vômitos, diarreia
  • estado mental alterado
  • convulsões
Todos los datos

Factores de riesgo

  • contato próximo com aves ou aves domésticas infectadas
  • contato próximo com animais ou mamíferos infectados
  • viagem recente a um país com surtos do vírus H5N1
  • exposição ambiental ao vírus H5N1
  • contato próximo com humanos infectados
  • rotina laboratorial com o vírus H5N1
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • Hemograma completo com diferencial
  • TFHs
  • radiografia torácica
  • oximetria de pulso
  • coloração de Gram de expectoração
  • cultura bacteriana do sangue e do escarro
  • reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa em tempo real (rtRT-PCR)
Todos los datos

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • cultura viral
Todos los datos

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Inicial

contato próximo de caso confirmado ou provável

Agudo

infecção suspeitada ou provável ou confirmada

Colaboradores

Autores

Timothy M. Uyeki, MD, MPH, MPP

Chief Medical Officer

Influenza Division

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Atlanta

GA

Divulgaciones

TMU declares that he is an unpaid member and clinical Chair of the World Health Organization Guidelines Developmental Group: Clinical Management of Influenza Guidelines 2023-2024.

Agradecimientos

Dr Timothy M. Uyeki would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Justin R. Ortiz, a previous contributor to this topic.

Divulgaciones

JRO declares that he has no competing interests.

Revisores por pares

Richard Martinello, MD

Professor

Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics

Yale School of Medicine

New Haven

CT

Divulgaciones

RM declares that he has no competing interests.

An De Sutter, MD, PhD

Associate Professor

Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care

Ghent University

Belgium

Divulgaciones

ADS declares that she has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

Referencias

Nuestros equipos internos de evidencia y editoriales colaboran con colaboradores expertos internacionales y revisores pares para garantizar que brindemos acceso a la información más clínicamente relevante posible.

Artículos principales

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations. Dec 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on specimen collection and testing for patients with suspected infection with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe disease or with the potential to cause severe disease in humans. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

World Health Organization. Clinical practice guidelines for influenza. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance for follow-up of close contacts of persons infected with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease or with potential to cause severe human disease, and use of antiviral medications for post-exposure prophylaxis. Aug 2024 [internet publication].Texto completo

Artículos de referencia

Una lista completa de las fuentes a las que se hace referencia en este tema está disponible para los usuarios con acceso a todo BMJ Best Practice.
  • Diferenciales

    • Doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19)
    • Pneumonia adquirida na comunidade
    • Pneumonia atípica
    Más Diferenciales
  • Guías de práctica clínica

    • Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations
    • Interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease
    Más Guías de práctica clínica
  • Folletos para el paciente

    Pneumonia

    Gripe

    Más Folletos para el paciente
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