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Pênfigo

  • Visão geral
  • Teoria
  • Diagnóstico
  • Tratamento
  • ACOMPANHAMENTO
  • Recursos
Última revisão: 16 Aug 2025
Última atualização: 20 May 2025

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • formação de bolhas erosivas crônica da pele, mucosa ou ambas
  • erosões crônicas da boca (pênfigo vulgar [PV], pênfigo paraneoplásico [PPN])
  • lábios dolorosos (PPN)
  • dispneia (PPN)
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • couro cabeludo pruriginoso (PV, PF)
  • epistaxe (PV, PPN)
  • pele dolorosa (PV, PF, PPN)
  • disfagia (PV)
  • pele pruriginosa (PV, PF)
  • conjuntivite (PV, PPN)
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • idade mais avançada
  • HLA DR4 (pênfigo vulgar [PV])
  • HLA DQ1 (PV)
  • HLA DRB1 (pênfigo paraneoplásico [PPN])
  • neoplasia maligna subjacente (PPN)
  • uso de penicilamina
  • uso de IECAs
  • uso de penicilina
  • uso de tiopronina
  • uso de interleucina-2
  • uso de nifedipino
  • uso de rifampicina
  • exposição a insetos hematófagos
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • biópsia de pele, coloração de hematoxilina e eosina
  • biópsia de pele, imunofluorescência direta
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • imunofluorescência indireta em soro
  • ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA) sérico
  • endoscopia digestiva alta
  • radiografia torácica
  • tomografia do tórax
  • testes de função pulmonar (TFPs)
  • imunoblot sérico (Western Blot)
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

AGUDA

pênfigo vulgar leve

pênfigo foliáceo leve

pênfigo vulgar ou pênfigo foliáceo moderado a grave

pênfigo paraneoplásico

CONTÍNUA

pênfigo vulgar ou pênfigo foliáceo moderado a grave 6 meses após a terapia inicial: com controle da doença/remissão completa

pênfigo vulgar ou pênfigo foliáceo moderado a grave 6 meses após a terapia inicial: com remissão completa

pênfigo vulgar ou pênfigo foliáceo moderado a grave 12 a 18 meses após a terapia inicial: remissão completa

pênfigo grave/refratário

Colaboradores

Autores

Jon H. Meyerle, MD

Associate Professor

Department of Dermatology

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Bethesda

MD

Disclosures

JHM declares that he has no competing interests.

Grant J. Anhalt, MD

Professor

Department of Dermatology

Johns Hopkins Medical Institution

Baltimore

MD

Disclosures

GJA declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Daniel Mimouni, MD

Professor

Department of Dermatology

Rabin Medical Center

Petah Tikva

Israel

Disclosures

DM declares that he has no competing interests.

Vesna Petronic-Rosic, MD, MSc

Associate Professor and Clinical Director

Section of Dermatology

University of Chicago

Chicago

IL

Disclosures

VPR declares that she has no competing interests.

Timothy Patton, MD

Assistant Professor of Dermatology

Department of Dermatology

University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh

PA

Disclosures

TP declares that he has no competing interests.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Joly P, Horvath B, Patsatsi Α, et al. Updated S2K guidelines on the management of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus initiated by the european academy of dermatology and venereology (EADV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020 Sep;34(9):1900-13.Full text  Abstract

Antiga E, Bech R, Maglie R, et al. S2k guidelines on the management of paraneoplastic pemphigus/paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Jun;37(6):1118-34.Full text  Abstract

Murrell DF, Peña S, Joly P, et al. Diagnosis and management of pemphigus: recommendations of an international panel of experts. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Mar;82(3):575-85.e1.Full text  Abstract

Joly P, Maho-Vaillant M, Prost-Squarcioni C, et al. First-line rituximab combined with short-term prednisone versus prednisone alone for the treatment of pemphigus (Ritux 3): a prospective, multicentre, parallel-group, open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 2017 May 20;389(10083):2031-40. Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Pênfigo images

  • Differentials

    • Pênfigo benigno familiar (doença de Hailey-Hailey)
    • Penfigoide bolhoso (PB)
    • Dermatose linear bolhosa por imunoglobulina A (IgA)
    More Differentials

  • Guidelines

    • Consensus based Indian guidelines for the management of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceous
    • S2k guidelines on the management of paraneoplastic pemphigus/paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV)
    More Guidelines
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