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Dissecção da aorta

Última revisão: 22 Jul 2025
Última atualização: 23 May 2023

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • dor torácica aguda e intensa
  • dor interescapular e lombar aguda grave
  • características da síndrome de Marfan
  • características da síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos
  • diferencial de pressão arterial esquerda/direita
  • Déficit de pulsação
  • sopro diastólico
  • síncope
  • hipotensão
Detalhes completos

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • hipertensão
  • dispneia
  • estado mental alterado
  • paraplegia
  • hemiparesia/parestesia
  • dor abdominal
  • dor/palidez nos membros
  • murmúrios vesiculares/macicez reduzidos no lado esquerdo
Detalhes completos

Fatores de risco

  • hipertensão
  • doença aterosclerótica do aneurisma
  • Síndrome de Marfan
  • Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos
  • valva da aorta bicúspide
  • ectasia anulo-aórtica
  • coarctação
  • tabagismo
  • história familiar de doença aórtica ou doença do tecido conjuntivo
  • idade avançada
  • arterite de células gigantes
  • doenças mistas do tecido conjuntivo
  • manipulação cirúrgica/por cateter
  • uso de cocaína/anfetamina
  • levantamento de peso
  • gestação
  • não diabético
Detalhes completos

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • eletrocardiograma (ECG)
  • enzimas cardíacas
  • angiotomografia (ATG)
  • testes de função renal
  • testes da função hepática
  • lactato
  • hemograma completo
  • tipagem sanguínea e prova cruzada
Detalhes completos

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • radiografia torácica
  • dímero D
  • ecocardiografia transtorácica
  • ecocardiografia transesofágica
  • RNM
  • ultrassonografia intravascular
  • proteína de cadeia pesada de miosina de músculo liso
Detalhes completos

Algoritmo de tratamento

Inicial

hemodinamicamente instável: suspeita de dissecação da aorta

AGUDA

dissecção da aorta confirmada

CONTÍNUA

após alta hospitalar

Colaboradores

Autores

Caitlin W. Hicks, MD, MS

Assistant Professor of Surgery

Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Baltimore

MD

Declarações

CWH receives grant funding from NIH/NIDDK, the Society for Vascular Surgery, and the American College of Surgeons; and has been reimbursed by W.L. Gore and Cook Medical for speaker engagements.

James H. Black III, MD, FACS

Chief

Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy

Department of Surgery

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Baltimore

MD

Declarações

JHB declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Caitlin W. Hicks and Dr James H. Black III would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Hazim J. Safi, Dr Jeffrey Wu, and Dr Eric E. Roselli, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

HJS, JW, and EER declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Evan Lipsitz, MD

Associate Professor of Surgery

Acting Chief

Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Bronx

NY

Disclosures

EL declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

Isselbacher EM, Preventza O, Hamilton Black J, et al. 2022 ACC/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease: a report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Dec 13;80(24):e223-e393. Abstract

Erbel R, Aboyans V, Boileau C, et al; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. Eur Heart J. 2014 Nov 1;35(41):2873-926.Full text  Abstract

Bossone E, LaBounty TM, Eagle KA. Acute aortic syndromes: diagnosis and management, an update. Eur Heart J. 2018 Mar 1;39(9):739-49d.Full text  Abstract

Fleischmann D, Afifi RO, Casanegra AI, et al. Imaging and surveillance of chronic aortic dissection: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022 Mar;15(3):e000075.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Dissecção da aorta images
  • Differentials

    • Síndrome coronariana aguda
    • Pericardite
    • Aneurisma aórtico
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • ACC/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease: a report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
    • Clinical practice guidelines on the management of Type B aortic dissection
    More Guidelines
  • Patient information

    Dissecção da aorta

    More Patient information
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