小结
定义
病史和体格检查
关键诊断因素
- aminotransferases séricas elevadas
- história de hepatite
- insuficiência hepática aguda
- anormalidades comportamentais
- presença de anéis de Kayser-Fleischer
- tremor
- disartria
- distonia
- falta de coordenação
- caligrafia ruim ou pequena
其他诊断因素
- comprometimento cognitivo
- depressão
- alteração de personalidade
- disdiadococinesia
- movimentos extraoculares anormais
- sensibilidade, força e reflexos musculares normais
- história de hemorragia digestiva
- icterícia
- sensibilidade no fígado
- aranhas vasculares
- ginecomastia
- ascite
- edema periférico
- hematomas
- encefalopatia
- disfagia
危险因素
- mutação do gene ATP7B
- história familiar de doença de Wilson
诊断性检查
首要检查
- TFHs
- cobre urinário de 24 horas
- exame com lâmpada de fenda
- ceruloplasmina sérica
需考虑的检查
- Hemograma completo
- biópsia hepática
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica
- concentração de cobre não ligado à ceruloplasmina (NCC)
- Teste de DNA para mutações do ATP7B
新兴检查
- medição direta do peptídeo de ATP7B
治疗流程
insuficiência hepática, grave (escore de Nazer ≥10 ou Novo Índice de Wilson ≥11)
insuficiência hepática leve a moderada (escore de Nazer ≤9 ou Novo Índice de Wilson ≤10)
sintomático (doença neurológica ou doença hepática sem insuficiência hepática)
assintomático
撰稿人
作者
Michael L. Schilsky, MD, FAASLD
Professor of Medicine and Surgery
Divisions of Digestive Diseases and Transplant and Immunology
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven
CT
Disclosures
MS is an author of multiple references in this topic.
Uyen Kim To, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Digestive Diseases
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven
CT
Disclosures
UKT declares that she has no competing interests.
Acknowledgements
Professor Michael Schilsky and Dr Uyen Kim To would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor George Brewer, a previous contributor to this topic.
Disclosures
GB is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Peer reviewers
Jeff Bronstein, MD, PhD
Director of Movement Disorders
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles
CA
Disclosures
JB has received grants from and consulted for Alexion and Ultragenix. JB is an author of a reference cited in this topic.
Giacomo C. Sturniolo, MD
Professor of Gastroenterology
Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences
University of Padua
Padova
Italy
Disclosures
GCS declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
References
Key articles
Schilsky ML, Roberts EA, Bronstein JM, et al. A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of Wilson disease: executive summary of the 2022 practice guidance on Wilson disease from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2023 Apr 1;77(4):1428-55. Full text Abstract
Shribman S, Marjot T, Sharif A, et al; British Association for the Study of the Liver Rare Diseases Special Interest Group. Investigation and management of Wilson's disease: a practical guide from the British Association for the Study of the Liver. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jun;7(6):560-75. Abstract
Socha P, Janczyk W, Dhawan A, et al. Wilson's disease in children: a position paper by the Hepatology Committee of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Feb;66(2):334-44.Full text Abstract
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: Wilson's disease. J Hepatol. 2012 Mar;56(3):671-85.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Hepatite B
- Hepatite C
- Hemocromatose
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- ACR Appropriateness Criteria®: abnormal liver function tests
- Multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of Wilson disease
More GuidelinesPatient information
Hepatite C: o que é?
Hepatite C: quais tratamentos funcionam?
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