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Abandono do hábito de fumar

Последний просмотренный: 30 Nov 2025
Last updated: 23 Oct 2025

Резюме

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • número de cigarros por dia
  • tempo até o primeiro cigarro (TTFC)
  • uso de produtos alternativos de administração de tabaco e nicotina
  • história de transtorno relacionado ao uso de substâncias
  • gestação ou amamentação
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • história de depressão
  • história de esquizofrenia
  • transtorno convulsivo
  • hipertensão
  • doença cardíaca instável
  • arritmia ventricular
  • asma
  • doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC)
  • distúrbio da articulação temporomandibular ou problema dentário
Full details

Risk factors

  • idade <24 anos
  • condição socioeconômica baixa
  • história de transtorno mental ou transtorno por uso de substâncias
  • história de HIV/AIDS
  • uso de produtos alternativos de administração de tabaco e nicotina
  • genética
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • autorrelato da condição de fumante
  • Teste de Fagerström para a dependência de nicotina (Fagerström Test For Nicotine Dependence; FTND)
  • Índice de Intensidade do Tabagismo (Heaviness of Smoking Index; HSI)
Full details

Tests to consider

  • monitoramento do monóxido de carbono (CO)
  • nível de cotinina
Full details

Treatment algorithm

ACUTE

fumantes ativos hospitalizados

ONGOING

fumantes ativos prontos para parar: adultos (não gestantes/lactantes)

fumantes ativos dispostos a parar: gestantes/lactantes ou adolescentes

fumantes ativos não dispostos a parar

Contributors

Authors

Franck F. Rahaghi, MD, MHS, FCCP

Chairman

Pulmonary Department

Director

Pulmonary Education and Rehabilitation

Cleveland Clinic

Weston

FL

Disclosures

FFR is a consultant and speaker for Bayer, United Therapeutics, Janssen-PH, Merck, Boehringer Ingleheim, Takeda, and Talecris. He is involved in industry-sponsored research with Bayer, Janssen-PH, Gossamer Bio, and Bellerophon.

Samuel Gurevich, MD, FCCP

Pulmonary Department

Director

Respiratory Therapy

Cleveland Clinic

Weston

FL

Disclosures

SG declares that he has no competing interests.

Acknowledgements

Dr Franck F. Rahaghi and Dr Samuel Gurevich would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Felix Hernandez, Dr Jose Gonzalez, and Dr Theodore W. Marcy, previous contributors to this topic.

Disclosures

FH, JG, and TWM declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Jaymin Morjaria, MBBS, FRCP, MD

Consultant Respiratory Physician

Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust

Harefield Hospital

Middlesex

Honorary Senior Lecturer

Brunel University

London

UK

Disclosures

JM has received honoraria for speaking and financial support to attend meetings/advisory boards from Wyeth, Chiesi, Pfizer, MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, Teva, GSK/Allen & Hanburys, Napp, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Trudell, Cook Medical, Medela AG, Medtronics, and Novartis. He has been an expert witness in a court case relating to the impact of smoking on illness severity, ITU admissions, and mortality from Covid-19 in South Africa in 2020.

Arran Woodhouse, MSc

Senior Tobacco Programme Manager

North Central London Integrated Care Board

London

UK

Disclosures

AW has been reimbursed by Johnson & Johnson Ltd Nicorette UK Consulting for chairing the Smoking Cessation National Advisory Panel on 1 November 2022. He worked with NICE on the recent Tobacco Guideline (NG209) as a topic expert and as a specialist committee member for the treating dependence Quality Standards Advisory Committee (QS 207). He was appointed as an Expert Adviser for the NICE Centre for Guidelines in February 2023. Previous member of the British Thoracic Society's Tobacco Specialist Advisory Group.

Peer reviewer acknowledgements

BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.

Disclosures

Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

United States Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. Smoking cessation: a report of the Surgeon General. 2020 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel, US Department of Health and Human Services. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Rockville (MD): US Department of Health and Human Services; 2008.Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence. Feb 2025 [internet publication].Full text

US Preventive Services Task Force. Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Jan 19;325(3):265-79.Full text  Abstract

Barua RS, Rigotti NA, Benowitz NL, et al. 2018 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on tobacco cessation treatment: a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on clinical expert consensus documents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Dec 5;72(25):3332-65.Full text  Abstract

Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, et al. Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 31;(5):CD000146.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
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