Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- trauma recente
- dor no tornozelo e edema
- incapacidade para sustentar peso
- edema do maléolo medial e/ou lateral e sensível à palpação
Other diagnostic factors
- deformidade do tornozelo
- crepitação
- sensibilidade da fíbula proximal
- perda da elasticidade da pele sobre o maléolo medial
- Regras de Ottawa para o tornozelo
- história de osteoporose
- história de quedas frequentes
- comprometimento vascular
Risk factors
- queda de baixa energia
- osteoporose
- quedas múltiplas
- lesão por inversão no tornozelo
- prática de esportes
Diagnostic tests
1st tests to order
- radiografia simples
Tests to consider
- radiografia simples do tipo "visualização sob estresse" ou uma radiografia anteroposterior em posição ortostática
- tomografia computadorizada (TC)
- RNM
Treatment algorithm
fratura aberta
fratura fechada + luxação
fratura isolada do maléolo lateral
fratura isolada do maléolo medial
fratura bimaleolar/trimaleolar
Contributors
Authors
Ewout S. Veltman, MD
Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgeon
Erasmus MC
Rotterdam
The Netherlands
Disclosures
ESV declares that he has no competing interests.
Rudolf W. Poolman, MD, PhD
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Joint Research
Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Disclosures
RWP has been a member of the Dutch Orthopedic Association Committee, has received grants for the ZonMW ESCAPE trial, DART trial, Achmea Escape trial and Van Rens Fonds REDEP trial, and has contributed to the following educational events: the Waldemar Link hip course and the J&J hip course.
Acknowledgements
Dr Ewout S. Veltman and Dr Rudolf W. Poolman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mohit Bhandari and Dr Brad Petrisor, previous contributors to this topic, as well as Dr Victor A. van de Graaf and Dr Dirk P. ter Meulen for their assistance with the final draft. MB and BP declare that they have no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Charles Court-Brown, MB ChB
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit
Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
Edinburgh
UK
Disclosures
CCB is an author of several references cited in this topic.
James C. Puffer, MD
Professor
University of Kentucky School of Medicine
President and Chief Executive Officer
American Board of Family Medicine
Lexington
KY
Disclosures
JCP declares that he has no competing interests.
Philip H. Cohen, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Piscataway
NJ
Disclosures
PHC declares that he has no competing interests.
References
Key articles
British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma. The management of ankle fractures. Aug 2016 [internet publication].Full text
American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute trauma to the ankle. 2020 [internet publication].Full text
American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Prevention of surgical site infections after major extremity trauma: evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
Differentials
- Rompimento do ligamento lateral do tornozelo (do ligamento talofibular anterior e do ligamento calcaneofibular)
- Ruptura do tendão de Aquiles
- Fratura do tálus
More DifferentialsGuidelines
- Fracture management practice guideline
- Appropriate Use Criteria: prevention of surgical site infection after high energy extremity trauma
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