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Fraturas do tornozelo

Last reviewed: 24 May 2025
Last updated: 02 Jul 2024

Summary

Definition

History and exam

Key diagnostic factors

  • trauma recente
  • dor no tornozelo e edema
  • incapacidade para sustentar peso
  • edema do maléolo medial e/ou lateral e sensível à palpação
Full details

Other diagnostic factors

  • deformidade do tornozelo
  • crepitação
  • sensibilidade da fíbula proximal
  • perda da elasticidade da pele sobre o maléolo medial
  • Regras de Ottawa para o tornozelo
  • história de osteoporose
  • história de quedas frequentes
  • comprometimento vascular
Full details

Risk factors

  • queda de baixa energia
  • osteoporose
  • quedas múltiplas
  • lesão por inversão no tornozelo
  • prática de esportes
Full details

Diagnostic tests

1st tests to order

  • radiografia simples
Full details

Tests to consider

  • radiografia simples do tipo "visualização sob estresse" ou uma radiografia anteroposterior em posição ortostática
  • tomografia computadorizada (TC)
  • RNM
Full details

Treatment algorithm

INITIAL

fratura aberta

fratura fechada + luxação

ACUTE

fratura isolada do maléolo lateral

fratura isolada do maléolo medial

fratura bimaleolar/trimaleolar

Contributors

Authors

Ewout S. Veltman, MD

Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgeon

Erasmus MC

Rotterdam

The Netherlands

Disclosures

ESV declares that he has no competing interests.

Rudolf W. Poolman, MD, PhD

Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon

Joint Research

Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis

Amsterdam

The Netherlands

Disclosures

RWP has been a member of the Dutch Orthopedic Association Committee, has received grants for the ZonMW ESCAPE trial, DART trial, Achmea Escape trial and Van Rens Fonds REDEP trial, and has contributed to the following educational events: the Waldemar Link hip course and the J&J hip course.

Acknowledgements

Dr Ewout S. Veltman and Dr Rudolf W. Poolman would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Mohit Bhandari and Dr Brad Petrisor, previous contributors to this topic, as well as Dr Victor A. van de Graaf and Dr Dirk P. ter Meulen for their assistance with the final draft. MB and BP declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Charles Court-Brown, MB ChB

Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery

Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon

Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit

Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Edinburgh

UK

Disclosures

CCB is an author of several references cited in this topic.

James C. Puffer, MD

Professor

University of Kentucky School of Medicine

President and Chief Executive Officer

American Board of Family Medicine

Lexington

KY

Disclosures

JCP declares that he has no competing interests.

Philip H. Cohen, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine

Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey

Piscataway

NJ

Disclosures

PHC declares that he has no competing interests.

References

Our in-house evidence and editorial teams collaborate with international expert contributors and peer reviewers to ensure that we provide access to the most clinically relevant information possible.

Key articles

British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma. The management of ankle fractures​. Aug 2016 [internet publication].Full text

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute trauma to the ankle. 2020 [internet publication].Full text

American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Prevention of surgical site infections after major extremity trauma: evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

A full list of sources referenced in this topic is available to users with access to all of BMJ Best Practice.
  • Fraturas do tornozelo images
  • Differentials

    • Rompimento do ligamento lateral do tornozelo (do ligamento talofibular anterior e do ligamento calcaneofibular)
    • Ruptura do tendão de Aquiles
    • Fratura do tálus
    More Differentials
  • Guidelines

    • Fracture management practice guideline
    • Appropriate Use Criteria: prevention of surgical site infection after high energy extremity trauma
    More Guidelines
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